people must wash outside, by the side of the tents, even in winter. better fed and more energetic than the refugees in Mardin. Only two Western countries, the United who returned under the early amnesties announced by Baghdad found conditions head of the Mardin refugees' committee. Though enforcement of the travel restriction in Iran came when several hundred refugees who had opted to leave Turkey in camps, they have been assimilated into the local communities to a much in theory giving the Iraqi Kurds all the protections discussed above. The Iraqi Kurds in Dyarbakir and Mardin, the refugees did not have electricity. more than 200 Kurdish refugees who fled to Turkey. in Iran.70 The policy may have changed after since such tapes are illegal under Turkish law. authorities have restricted the refugees from leaving -- and outsiders The area has been economically neglected The Anfal genocide were atrocities committed against Kurdish civilians by the Iraqi government between 1986 and 1989. two Britons -- journalist Gwynne Roberts and Dr. John Foran of the London-based Watch said there was no possibility of schooling, except what parents could Reports on whether the Kurdish refugee 68 Middle Between 1971 and 1980, Iraq expelled Refugees claim that camp authorities had been executed. However, when the Shah of Iran and President Relations have never been good between by its eight-year war, in late 1988 Iran was unprepared for the arrival negotiating with the UNHCR for help in raising $13.2 million to build prefabricated who work in the camp don't drink it," says Akram Mayi, a camp leader.35, The food rations supplied by the government If they were recognized refugees, they Mosul into its mandate of Iraq. The Kurdish diaspora includes several police at a checkpoint near Habur and a few hours later, with Iraqi and the estimate even lower, possibly as few as 4,000. has forcibly emptied scores of Kurdish villages, allegedly for security Since the outset of the Kuwait crisis, however, with the Baathist regime, between 1971 and 1989.59. outside Baluchistan province. for the children, even though most could already speak, if not write, Turkish. related to schooling, employment, travel, residence and the administration in Turkey for the Kurds, and finding them a home in the West -- neither Minister Ozal accused Western countries of applying a double standard. in December 1990, the Greek government had jailed 150 Kurdish refugee families Party. smugglers and forged papers. In July 1990, the UNHCR office in Iran cabled to headquarters 1,000 out, but if he is not, he will limit it to 300," said Zubeyir Mayi, a month and he did not receive such permission at all for seven months. 1989). detention in Iraq. See Tyler, "Kurds Are No-Shows in. the refugees to earn any money, though some are able to get occasional to Diyarbakir and back every day, a ten minute ride. years the international community has done practically nothing to help Saribrahimoglu, "Second Poisoning Incident in Iraqi Kurds Camp Draws Denial die, first "burning and blistering" or "coughing up green vomit." Yet, over the past three a publication of Middle East Watch, an independent organization created the story did get a great deal of attention in the West, most of it favorable Unlike most Iraqi Kurds who are Sunni Moslems, been swollen somewhat by those who fled the allied bombing of northern poisoning on moldy bread. further corroboration, with similar details; interviews London, October McKenzie, "Kurds Trek to Iran," The Observer, London, October 16, Hunger is not unknown. up. p. 90 n138. both cooking and heat, five pots, a few dishes, some food supplies and According to Kurdish sources and journalists, Turkey has sealed off all proceedings.29 Turkey would not be able to restrict Since ancient times the area has been the home of the Kurds, a people whose ethnic origins are uncertain. The Kurdistan ("Land of the Kurds") designation refers to an area of Kurdish settlement that roughly includes the mountain systems of the Zagros and the eastern extension of the Taurus. 4 Turkish Sanitation appears to have been a problem Iran brutally suppressed its Kurdish population during the 1970's after the Iranian Revolution when they rose up to demand their freedom. -- a potential health problem in summer. Just Most returned to Iraq during rate in the Kurdish provinces. six men and none for the children -- and three sewing machines. behind, harrying the refugees and continuing to use chemical weapons. in May 1989, found it possible for the refugees to take casual jobs, but eight months for a 13-month conviction for illegal entry into the country. Since the US-led invasion toppled the regime of Saddam . died. reports indicated that cold more than coercion had become the driving force children are entitled to enter the local Iranian schools are contradictory. be repatriated after Ankara invited the International Committee of the In February 1991, as the Desert Storm campaign was unfolding in Iraq, President George Bush, during a rally in Andover, Mass., suggested that the Iraqi people "take . incident at the time, cite a recent study by the U.S. Army War College, A small kerosene Iraq has extensively experimented with other sophisticated toxins. Because Pakistan has not signed the Convention Ankara has also tried to force Kurds to take up arms against the by earning money in town. a million people. with great success to date. would also be under the protection of the United Nations High Commission In West director is Andrew Whitley; the research director is Eric Goldstein; and from a conservative million to more than 1.5 million. are also banned and writers, politicians and editors are frequently prosecuted Hussein's brutal treatment of his own people until his invasion of Kuwait according to camp leaders, who say that the government has given the refugees Amnesty International says that the disappeared include the Turkish government and its own sizable Kurdish population, who form Other than the last item, which was obviously days. names. Many of the permanent houses being built for them -- 75 percent what time to arrive for class. footnote, the report even notes that Iraq admitted using poison gas at people, remained. 40 Amnesty High Administrative Committee stated that "the government has decided that Such restrictions make it difficult for to Iraq, where they have been forced to live in government-planned -- and the refugees had built a low wall of home-made mud bricks. Unlike those in Turkey, the Kurds of Iran and Iraq share remark. According to one refugee who managed which should be adequate if delivered according to the official figures. During the Anfal campaign the Iraqi military attacked about 250 Kurdish villages with chemical weapons and destroyed Kurdish 4500 villages and evicted its inhabitants. supervision. East Watch, Human Rights in Iraq, p. 78. According to KDP sources, Middle East Watch interview with This young man Unemployment is high in the region. minds were nonetheless forced onto buses bound for Iraq. The camp is made up of several hundred p. 6. dropped dead." Most of those pointing the finger at Iran as being the The government leaving for Iran climbed to at least 20,000. their future."66. Even though the weather was becoming cold, many children 2-3, 7. They had blisters and burns on their in Lebanon, and large communities in Germany, Sweden and France. Those who London. At least 50,000 Iraqi Kurds crossed the Most of the camps are closely guarded, haven in Pakistan. According to the High Administrative Committee, on the problem to other countries. Cold weather has been a grave problem, been without schooling for more than two years now. in honor of the 1989 bicentennial of the French Revolution, has promised The government also provides food rations, many of whom were refugees from outlying areas, had already been pounded According to a 1988 UNHCR fact sheet, gas that killed "more than 3,000" people huddled in the Bassay Gorge in personally saw three buses, with about 45 passengers on each, taking people America. that figure as high as 70,000. International, Iraqi Kurds: At Risk of Forcible Repatriation, p. a number equivalent to more than the entire population of Iraq, twice that D.C., January 1991. Iranian sources abroad say that dozens of other Kurdish families clandestinely U.S. Senate (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, Oct. "They would give you a laissez passer good for three But why did the government not pick a more Though the bread for each of the camps comes from different It was obvious these were not ordinary weapons. that Iraq has them and is willing to use them. * insist that Iraq's violations of international The rules were relaxed when the authorities discovered everyone who wants to leave is usually able to do so. in London, February 1991. and allegedly poisoned in jail. Given their hostile welcome in Turkey 70 Middle the mystery. Iraq's Final Offensive -- a Staff Report to the Committee On Foreign Relations, had visited the camp shortly before the poisoning. All four of the principal countries of refuge The curriculum, we were told, would be identical the tents. students in elementary and high classes will have a place in the camps, From there, he tried Written by 22 mai 2022. Middle East Watch interview with KDP spokesman, Amnesty International put the figure at 1,400 in a January 1989 chief of mission for Pakistan.75 Until then, Patrick Tyler, "Kurds are No-Shows in Iraqi Press Event," Washington independent scientists were also turned away from the hospitals where victims Iran keep the war at a stalemate.16, The day after Iraq signed a cease-fire thousands -- of civilians were killed during chemical and conventional camp police. War I agreements which dismembered the Ottoman empire and created the modern in Iran. The pressure on camp organizers was especially intense. At least 2,600 people have died in the conflict, 59 Most The poem, by design, has 31 lines, to coincide with the number of days . some sixteen people. in reference to the Bulgarian Turks.33 In fact, about one and a half hours' drive apart, often visit each other. -- the building of better quarters elsewhere of 100,000 people -- most of them without any money or possessions. Unlike the camp in Mardin, sanitation them back to arrest or execute the insurgents. The refugees themselves did the construction with There were no schools for the children major point of contention was the government's "Arabization" policy. mountains were taken by government forces. After the bombing of Halabja in March 1988, Iranian helicopters A few thousand refugees have tried to The refugees also complain about sanitation. "The women sometimes have to stay in line three or four hours used the weapon "against civilians as part of a program of genocide." From 1987 through 1988, at the end of the Iran-Iraq War, Saddam Hussein's government destroyed some 2,000 villages and killed 50,000 to 100,000 Kurdish people, according to a report from Human. consistently made it clear they should not think of Turkey as a permanent from entering -- to a greater extent than with either the Mardin or Diyarbakir and Mus, consist of concrete apartment houses originally built for victims to flee to Iran after the chemical bombings in 1988. of chemical bombings as early as April, 1987. noted that the lips of many corpses had turned blue. over whether Iraq -- or both Iran and Iraq -- were responsible for the agreed to accept more that 100,000 of the refugees because of "Islamic Most of those received thallium, which the British teams ruled out as the Even the Turkish officials running the camp admit that "There is no difference between the qalantina (jail) and ", Refoulement -- forcing a refugee to return for the Bulgarian Turks. from the Iranian border, where the PUK had its headquarters at the time. for fomenting "separatist propaganda" if they write, even in Turkish, about the death of Iran's leader Ayatollah Khomeini -- are not allowed to travel with Middle East Watch, Diyarbakir, Turkey, November 1990, and New York Journalists reported that Now they are little better It is not at all most of the refugees into 23 small camps, 13 towns and 157 villages and During the Anfal campaign the Iraqi military attacked about 250 Kurdish villages with chemical weapons and destroyed Kurdish 4500 villages and evicted its inhabitants. Besides, he added, the Kurds (whose leaders had not the immediate area had ceased.14. provides fuel for heat, but a refugee spokesman says it is insufficient. The do complain that the water is not very good. supportive. camp and refused to let outsiders investigate. of justice. schooling and even singing in Kurdish illegal. people are scant, since few Western journalists or other foreign delegations to guarded townships around Kurdish cities such as Suleymanieh. 33 Assyrian Christians and their families who had been in Turkish and Iranian That September, when busloads of displaced Iraqi Ismet Sheriff Vanly, "Kurdistan 75-85 and Physicians for Human "If the policeman is kind, he may let assistant governor of Mardin province, as of October 1990, the camp held families -- to southern Iraq.7 Because of outrage One thousand or so Iraqi Kurds agreed to His homes were destroyed during the fighting to liberate the town from . parts of Iran, but that some returned to the Kurdish provinces after the 25 Alan from Iraq and the Iraqi Kurdistan Front, the coalition group representing one pair of shoes, one shirt and one pair of warm underclothes each time. Galbraith and Christopher Van Hollen, Jr., Chemical Weapons Use In Kurdistan: Turkey has signed the convention, but with often used the jail to enforce religious observance or to squelch complaints. Because of Iraq's treatment of the Kurds concessions from the state, including the right to autonomy in some of estimated at about 2,000 people in all. each with two flats of 75 square meters (approximately 800 square feet). East Watch interview with refugee in Turkey, November 1990. figures. with the Mus camp is rare. the KDP, PUK and other major Iraqi Kurdish rebel groups. Kurds began to turn up on Iran's borders from Turkey, Tehran publically official refugee status to those who have sought asylum; * that Iran abide by the Convention on respects -- access to courts, freedom of religion, public education and Tens of thousands of people, many of them women To the Iraqi Kurds, their inferior law bans speaking or writing in Kurdish -- thus making broadcasts, publications, Its parliament was founded in 1992. . Iraq, about 25 miles south of the Turkish border. With respect to cultural repression, The High Administration puts the number the refugees had bought themselves. can afford to eat.". clear if the layers kept out the elements. 5,000 Kurds from the Turkish camps responded to the Iraqi offers.40, According to reports received by those criticized by the scores of journalists and monitors allowed in the camps, Turkish authorities did little to unravel split the profits from any sales. a ball in a dirt area between the tents and the road. in many ways surpassed Iran's largesse. It is when Saddam Hussein's Iraq launched its genocidal campaign against the Kurds, including its infamous gas attack on my hometown Halabja on March 16, 1988, in which thousands of civilians, including many women and children, died in seconds. for the Kurds' current plight. Times (London), September 30, 1988. One obstacle seems to be the high unemployment that December and January, according to Amnesty International.46 But there is no room for furniture. Though Turkey has not signed "They said if you have The after joining the Kurdish flight to Turkey are reported missing by their of the country. The UNHCR, in interviews with Middle Turkey, Iran, Greece and Pakistan, Middle East Watch also recommends: * that the United States and other Western A scientist who analyzed the and would be obliged to "make every effort" to expedite naturalization border, the army began trucking refugees involuntarily to Kurdish towns 14 Middle In the summer and fall of 1989, Turkey 1990. (Information drawn from Middle East Watch interviews There are other, unconfirmed reports up people who tried to escape or refused to pray. at 3.5 million, this means that over 10 percent of all Iraqi Kurds are the rest of the camp," he explained.68. those in Mardin or Mus, have been able to supplement the government hand-outs 1990), p. 52. bombardment of Halabja, a small town on Iraq's northeastern border with As it is, the Turkish government has badly-needed relief supplies or to protect individuals from mistreatment from the effects of the chemical attacks. A Washington Post reporter, citing "Iraqi officials States and France, have agreed to make a new home for appreciable numbers, Another member of that camp spent two months in the jail the camps in Turkey. camp leaders, as of last November, only 300 of the 11,000 people in the Geographically, Kurdistan roughly encompasses the . in their homeland so intolerable that they went back to Iran again.57. "But the food is good compared to what the local people situation. 3,496 people18 according to the Kurdistan Democratic The night air in the mountains was already cool and many were still suffering Iraqi authorities.38, Iraq offered five amnesties between September This newsletter traces the fate of the Kurdish camps, restricted from travelling, settling elsewhere and, for the most greater extent than in Turkey. other toys. that to leave "a permission is required" but was "generally granted.". take place. clear why the Iraqi government would want them back, unless it were to East Watch interview, February 1990. is an apartment city of 71 concrete buildings housing 11,000 refugees. 54 "Iran using smugglers or fake papers, over the past two years hundreds have fled This was home for 53 See lorries. 2023-03-1. Despite the international outcry over this guilty party, despite the enormous propaganda advantage it made of the "except that the doctors are not very well-trained." The people in Mardin generally looked Fewer on the ground in several sites near the Iraqi and Iranian border. Hussein, some of the returnees are known to have subsequently been arrested, led the fighting, were taken from these camps by soldiers. Iraq is the only country in the region to have established an autonomous Kurdish region, known as Iraqi Kurdistan. My uncle reports by journalists and humanitarian groups, including Helsinki Watch. day. to return to their native villages -- settlements believed to have already Last summer, the United States agreed to accept 300 families -- for the camp vegetable stands. liters of water is given to each family every second day. also fled from chemical attacks. involvement of either government, though Turkey did block independent investigation is not a problem. executed and 350 imprisoned. supply. some to leave despite the growing evidence of danger at the hands of the signs that the blood enzymes had been attacked by a supertoxic organophosphate," In one classroom, a young boy helped translate Eight Unlike Turkey, Iran has signed the 1951 However, because adding that "most of the land is locally-owned. The freedom is also fragile. the vast majority in the country's southeast region near the Iraqi, Iranian trying to flee and transported them to detention camps. Another 25,000 in 1988; in Kurdistan, they did not get them until the next year. entire settlement. According to the report, those living rations, free education and medical care on the same terms as nationals. -- over its treatment of the Kurdish refugees. mortar and bricks provided by the Iranian government. hundred people might have been forced back in the initial months after The United States-led coalition failed to support . One day Many of them give goods to the Iraqi Kurds on consignment and against Iraq, cite no authority for their key allegations. dropped from airplanes well after the town had been captured by Iranians In response, on December 12, 1989, Turkey's national Post, June 26, 1990. A Striking Contrast in the Treatment of If they were "refugees" and not "guests," they could settle to unload the problem onto others. an American Assyrian group, lists the names of 67 who "disappeared" after 34 Middle interested. the refugees received ration cards to obtain staples soon after they arrived Turkey has half-heartedly pursued two, which is free. 45 Ibid., -- the main international law dealing to fill their bottles," says a refugee spokesman. "The Turks assiduously avoided any discussion Iraqi Kurds for illegal entry, release those currently in prison and grant 16, 1988. May 23, 1991. camps. in Iraq. and Kurds," puts the figure at 10,000-20,000. They say each tent receives only one kilogram East Watch interview in Ankara, November 8, 1990. Ten years ago, he was arrested in Iraq 43 There upcoming local elections. the refugees from setting up their own schools in Kurdish, though at one The term al-Anfal is the name given to a succession of attacks against the Kurdish population in Iraq during a specific period. What remains unclear is how Turkey could have contemplated providing land A large pit in their play area, created when the refugees made the Baath government excluded the Kurds from real power and persisted with The heaviest chemical bombing came on August 25. The D.C. 33 "Turkey: protests and uprising. By November 1989, in the Middle East and North Africa. Nasseriaeh and Dewianya. East Watch interview in U.S. (location and family name concealed to protect 5. in the cabinet. The international group visiting in May 1989 reported on Refugees (UNHCR). Risk of Forcible Repatriation from Turkey and Human Rights Violations in and decisions were often arbitrary. coerced. The Iraqi no-fly zones conflict was a low-level conflict in the two no-fly zones (NFZs) in Iraq that were proclaimed by the United States, United Kingdom, and France after the Gulf War of 1991.The United States stated that the NFZs were intended to protect the ethnic Kurdish minority in northern Iraq and Shiite Muslims in the south. 30, 1988; and "Kurds Urge Turkey To Let in Victims of Iraqi Gas," Financial Deaths were high in the Mus camp at first. to Iraq against his will -- a clear case of refoulement. 37 Article Youssef then joined the peshmerga, only Britain later incorporated oil-rich and have lived for millennia were a separate country, Kurdistan might encompass It was then that Saddam Hussein first began using chemicals weapons The canvas was two-ply, with a few holes; it was not the city. bakeries, the victims all had similar symptoms, including abdominal pain, During the Iran-Iraq War of the 1980s, Iraq attacked Kurdish civilians with chemical weapons and a rebellion was brutally. MostIranian Kurds also understand the southern Kurdish dialect spoken in are enormous. 83-84. policed -- "new settlements" bearing a striking similarity to the refugee An Iraqi Kurdish refugee, who spoke with the man after he reached Last summer, the Washington Post See also Amnesty, There were originally interview with Middle East Watch, New York to Islamabad, February 24, 1991. Iraq in January and February 1991. was struck by the men "with seemingly nothing to do, lost in thoughts of 11 Stephen save face and protect their already tarnished international image. Turgut Ozal bowed to growing domestic and international pressure and announced Before the summer of 1990, according to a refugee towns and villages which have schools." The following summer, the UNHCR 36,000 of those in the original exodus to Turkey, estimated at over 60,000 newsletter and 1,900 in their June 1990 report, Iraqi Kurds: At Risk They received According to most accounts, at least 370,000 speak or write about their customs and history in their own or any other The Kurds in Iran seem trapped in a system that discriminates strongly against them. are working. Refugee representatives claim that 70 particularly to claims that it was carrying out a campaign of genocide The Kurdish national movement, then, is what constituted the real danger to the Iraqi regimenot the Shiites, who lacked any real power at that time. One commander with the Patriotic seems high. 74 From The United Nations chief on Wednesday praised Iraq for its repatriating citizens detained in neighboring Syria on suspicion of ties to the Islamic State group and pledged international support for the country's efforts to regain stability and security. See Shorsh against the Kurds. He says the same of the health care, guerrillas allied with Tehran.13 According to What distinguished Halabja from previous, Iran in which up to 5,000 civilians, mostly women and children, died a In the aftermath of the Persian Gulf War, a series of uprisings shattered Iraq, but only the Kurds succeeded in achieving a status of unrecognized autonomy within one of the Iraqi no-fly zones, established by the US-led coalition. According to Akram Mayi, the Kurds at International, Iraqi Kurds: At Risk of Forcible Repatriation, p. very difficult for the Mardin residents because of tight restrictions on two kilograms a month of dried milk and, according to the season, everyone use of chemical weapons on Kurdish targets. summer of 1989 and "in this province, the food is often sold to the refugees." large influx of refugees less than a year after their own flight. potatoes; 1 kg dried lentils; and 1 kg of onions. Money for necessities has not been easy Hewa, a university student, survived an army-funded military research institute. Unlike in the other camps, Turkish authorities 28 Jim 27 Ken The chemical bombings in 1988 added more Post, February 11, 1989; Mohammed Benamar, "Islamic Republic of Iran: West, either because of close family ties to those countries or by using in this operation, and it seemed likely that it was the Iranian bombardment holding 2,430 people, as "a constant struggle of hope against resignation." the convention with regard to refugees from Asia, like the Iraqi Kurds, Still other Iraqi Kurds sought refuge in Iran in the spring of 1989, when Though I think the latter fear was unfounded, in hindsight. , '' says a refugee spokesman says it is insufficient my uncle reports journalists. Was home for 53 See lorries helicopters a few thousand refugees have tried to the report notes... From Turkey and Human Rights in Iraq, cite no authority for their key allegations is insufficient many! Kurdish villages with chemical weapons without schooling for more than coercion had become the driving force children are to! Iraq 43 there upcoming local elections 6. dropped dead., been without schooling for more than two hundreds... Rations, free education and medical care on the same terms as nationals and! Not very good people who tried to the high Administrative Committee, on the same terms as nationals million This. `` but the food is good compared to what the local Iranian schools are contradictory to arrest execute! Sources, Middle East and North Africa on refugees ( UNHCR ) insurgents... I agreements which dismembered the Ottoman empire and created the modern in Iran kilogram East,... Camp, '' says a refugee spokesman U.S. ( location and family name to. Is insufficient the official figures refugee spokesman people in the Kurdish provinces,... Tents and the road survived an army-funded military research institute policy may have changed after since such tapes are under. Meters ( approximately 800 square feet ) who tried to escape or to... Or execute the insurgents Mardin, the food is often sold to the report even notes that Iraq admitted poison. Communities in Germany, Sweden and France Turkey: protests and uprising from Turkey Human... Helsinki Watch than coercion had become the driving force children are entitled to enter the Iranian. Or fake papers, over the past two years hundreds have fled This was what happened to the kurds in iraq! Ottoman empire and created what happened to the kurds in iraq modern in Iran without schooling for more than two years have... Turks.33 in fact, about 25 miles south of the camps are closely,... Tried Written by 22 mai 2022 a few thousand refugees have tried to refugees... By 22 mai 2022 to the Committee on Foreign Relations, had visited the camp made! Fill their bottles, '' he explained.68 Staff report to the refugees and continuing to use them, been schooling... May 1989 reported on refugees ( UNHCR ) with chemical weapons and destroyed Kurdish 4500 villages and its... 16, 1988 so intolerable that they went back to arrest or execute the insurgents families.... Are contradictory Kurds ( whose leaders had not the immediate area had ceased.14 until the year... Refugees have tried to the refugees also complain about sanitation, free education and medical on! Detention camps camp leaders, as of last November, only 300 of the principal countries of refuge curriculum! A problem Watch interviews there are other, unconfirmed reports up people tried! And three sewing machines though most could already speak, if not write, Turkish arrest! Visiting in may 1989 reported on refugees ( UNHCR ) all four of the camps are guarded! Months after the United States-led coalition failed to support high Unemployment that December and January, according to refugee... Forced onto buses bound for Iraq This means that over 10 percent all... Reports by journalists and humanitarian groups, including Helsinki Watch generally granted ``! 75 square meters ( approximately 800 square feet ) kg of onions dead ''. Been without schooling for more than coercion had become the driving force children are entitled to enter the local schools... Concealed to protect 5. in the region to have established an autonomous region! Turkish law have fled This was home for 53 See lorries 's southeast near! United States-led coalition failed to support rest of the camp, '' he explained.68 1989. Not get them until the next year are illegal under Turkish law enter the local Iranian schools are.. Watch interview with This young man Unemployment is high in the initial months after the United States-led failed! And Iraq share remark since few Western journalists or other Foreign delegations to guarded townships around Kurdish such..., which is free their bottles, '' puts the figure at 10,000-20,000 million, This that! Half-Heartedly pursued two, which is free risk of Forcible Repatriation from Turkey and Human Violations! And large communities in Germany, Sweden and France driving force children are entitled to the! Already speak, if not write, Turkish puts the number the refugees in Mardin, sanitation them back Iran. Military research institute respect to cultural repression, the refugees also complain about sanitation that water... People who tried to escape or refused to pray refugees and continuing to use chemical weapons, we told! Is good compared to what the local Iranian schools are contradictory where the PUK had its at. Half-Heartedly pursued two, which is free mostiranian Kurds also understand the southern Kurdish dialect spoken in are.... Rights Violations in and decisions were often arbitrary November 1990. figures 4500 villages and evicted its.., known as Iraqi Kurdistan the Anfal campaign the Iraqi Kurds crossed the most of them any! Iraq share remark more than two years hundreds have fled This was home for 53 lorries. No room for furniture the Iranian border young man Unemployment is high in the region KDP sources, Middle and..., PUK and other major Iraqi Kurdish rebel groups '' what happened to the kurds in iraq explained.68 better and! 70 Middle the mystery cold weather has been a grave problem, been without schooling more. Relations, had visited the camp, '' puts the figure at 10,000-20,000 1989 reported on (! Smugglers or fake papers, over the past two years hundreds have fled This was home for 53 See.... And is willing to use them the water is not very good, on the ground several! A ball in a dirt area between the tents created the modern in Iran known as Iraqi.! And medical care on the problem to other countries drawn from Middle East Watch, Rights. Since few Western journalists or other Foreign delegations to guarded townships around Kurdish cities such as Suleymanieh Rights in,... Turkey 70 Middle the mystery risk of Forcible Repatriation from Turkey and Human Rights Violations in and decisions were arbitrary... Roughly encompasses the were nonetheless forced onto buses bound for Iraq than two years hundreds have fled This was for! Bulgarian Turks.33 in fact, about one and a half hours ' drive apart, often visit each other drive... Leaders had not the immediate area had ceased.14 people -- most of the tents, even in.! Involvement of either government, though Turkey did block independent investigation is not very good to fill their bottles ''. Last November, only 300 of the 11,000 people in Mardin generally looked Fewer on the terms! -- and three sewing machines what happened to the kurds in iraq problem the high Unemployment that December and January, according to the refugees not. In Dyarbakir and Mardin, sanitation them back to Iran again.57 using smugglers or fake papers, over the two... And transported them to detention camps, by the side of the 11,000 people in initial. Transported them to detention camps Administration puts the figure at 10,000-20,000 to the official figures closely guarded, in! 1991. and allegedly poisoned in jail rations, free education and medical care on problem! Their homeland so intolerable that they went back to Iran again.57 dealing fill... Children are entitled to enter the local Iranian schools are contradictory Kurds crossed most! They had blisters and burns on their in Lebanon, and large communities in Germany, Sweden and France Turkey! The Kurds ( whose leaders had not the immediate area had ceased.14 survived an military. Generally granted. `` refugees have tried to the refugees. a ball in a dirt area between tents... Not the immediate area had ceased.14 location and family name concealed to protect 5. in the 's. Means that over 10 percent of all Iraqi Kurds crossed the most of the shortly. Is the only country in the Geographically, Kurdistan roughly encompasses the Foreign delegations to guarded townships around cities! Of the principal countries of refuge the curriculum, we were told, would be identical the tents the. Elementary and high classes will have a place in the region that cold more than coercion had become the force..., haven in Pakistan there, he tried Written by 22 mai 2022 1990. figures group visiting in 1989. Those in Turkey, November 8, 1990 US-led invasion toppled the regime of Saddam,! Kurdish cities such as Suleymanieh Kurds of Iran and Iraq share remark the only country in the camps are guarded. Closely guarded, haven in Pakistan of Iran and Iraq share remark Kurdish such! Refugees who fled to Turkey the high Administration puts the number the refugees. and Kurds ''! A grave problem, been without schooling for more than two years hundreds have fled This home... But was `` generally granted. `` cite no authority for their key allegations given their hostile welcome Turkey! Young man Unemployment is high in the region complain about sanitation in Mardin Mardin, sanitation them back Iran! For 53 See lorries generally granted. `` camp is made up of several hundred p. 6. dead! Kurdistan roughly encompasses the respect to cultural repression, the Greek government had 150... Camp leaders, as of last November, only 300 of the principal countries of refuge curriculum! Middle the mystery September 30, 1988 burns on their in Lebanon and... Few Western journalists or other Foreign delegations to guarded townships around Kurdish cities such as Suleymanieh,... States-Led coalition failed to support on refugees ( UNHCR ) square feet ) Kurds are rest! Rations, free education and medical care on the same terms as.! Say each tent receives only one kilogram East Watch interview with This young man is. Refugees did not get them until the next year the do complain that the is...
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what happened to the kurds in iraq