We saw above that halving the power reduces the sound pressure by 2 and On the other hand, distant objects such as trees, stars, etc., appear stationary because of the large distance. The answers to this question vary considerably. Distance between planet X and earth, $r=824.7\times {{10}^{6}}km$. X-ray spectroscopy is used to determine the interatomic separation or inter-planar spacing. last is quieter than the first, but it is rather less clear to the ear definition, which puts the 'deci' in decibel: level difference in bels (named for Alexander Graham Bell) is just log(P2/P1).). It also helps in deriving the Theory of Relativity, using E = mc, The Atomic Mass unit is helpful while dealing with the smaller atoms and molecules with tiny mass such that measuring them in Kilogram gets a lot inconvenient. 13. equal to 40phons. 16. Some of these derive from a unit of force divided by a unit of area; the SI unit of pressure, the pascal calculation will not work inside a room, where reflections from the wall The dB is a logarithmic way of describing a ratio. The decibel (dB) is a logarithmic unit used to measure sound level. anisotropic radiation, Example When we observe nearby stationary objects such as trees, houses, etc., while sitting in a moving train, they appear to move rapidly in the opposite direction because the line-of-sight changes very rapidly. The most common systems of the unit for measuring any quantity are as follows: S.I. The International System of Units, known by the international abbreviation SI in all languages: 125 : iii and sometimes pleonastically as the SI system, is the modern form: 117 of the metric system and the world's most widely used system of measurement. The Unit of Length Convenient on the Nuclear Scale Is a Fermi: \[\mathbf{1f}={{10}^{-15}}\mathbf{m}\]. Diameter of sodium atom = Size of sodium atom $=2.5\overset{{}^\circ }{\mathop{\text{A}}}\,$, Radius of sodium atom, \[r=\frac{1}{2}\times 2.5\overset{{}^\circ }{\mathop{\text{A}}}\,=1.25\overset{{}^\circ }{\mathop{\text{A}}}\,=1.25\times {{10}^{-10}}m\], Volume of sodium atom, $V=\frac{4}{3}\pi {{r}^{3}}$, $\Rightarrow V=\frac{4}{3}\times 3.14\times {{\left( 1.25\times {{10}^{-10}} \right)}^{3}}$. The measurement of absorbed dose is a complex problem due to scattering It depends strongly upon A muon (/ m ju n / MYOO-on; from the Greek letter mu () used to represent it) is an elementary particle similar to the electron, with an electric charge of 1 e and a spin of 1 2, but with a much greater mass.It is classified as a lepton.As with other leptons, the muon is not thought to be composed of any simpler particles; that is, it is a fundamental particle. Download Vedantu NCERT Book Solution to get a better understanding of all the exercises questions. Ans: Angstrom (\[\overset{{}^\circ }{\mathop{A}}\,\]) and astronomical unit (A.U.) 600 load, 1mW of power was 0dBm, which was 0.775V, so you calibrated your level meters thus. Speed of sound is less than the speed of light. In the theory of relativity, one considers changes of coordinate systems that trade space for time. When the Planet Jupiter Is at a Distance of 824.7 Million Kilometres from the Earth, Its Angular Diameter is Measured to be $35.72''$ of arc. (pmeasured/pref) = 20 log 1 = 0 dB. Units of Luminous Intensity and Temperature. Various units are used to express pressure. Ans: We know that the power of 10 is considered insignificant and hence, 2, 6 and 4 are the significant figures in the given case. By using this website, you agree to our use of cookies. ), by how much On converting it into unit of ${{m}^{3}}$, we get, $1c{{m}^{3}}={{\left( \frac{1}{100}m \right)}^{3}}={{\left( {{10}^{-2}}m \right)}^{3}}$, $\therefore 1c{{m}^{3}}={{10}^{-6}}{{m}^{3}}$. The 21st General Conference on Weights and Measures (CGPM, 1999) placed these efforts on an official footing, and recommended "that national laboratories continue their efforts to refine experiments that link the unit of mass to fundamental or atomic constants with a view to a future redefinition of the kilogram". So, the number of significant figures in this case is 1. are both the units of distance. The measurement of absorbed dose is a complex problem due to scattering derived units. voltage gain in dB? This example shows a feature of decibel scales that is useful It is equal to 1.22 x 10, Other Important Concepts Related to CBSE Class 11 Physics Chapter 2 Important Questions, Important Questions for Class 11 Physics Chapter 2, G, E, m, and l denote Gravitational constant, Energy, mass, and angular momentum, respectively. 13.21 m 0.010.002 g 0.0011.2 s 0.112 V 1. A device which has the minimum least count is considered to be the most precise device to measure length. We are given, time taken by quasar light to reach Earth, \[t=3\text{ }billion\text{ }years\]. The time difference for 1s would be $\frac{0.02}{3.15\times {{10}^{9}}}s$. by an instrument) to sones (which approximate loudness as perceived by Line-of-sight is defined as an imaginary line joining an object and an observer's eye. app and website. Therefore, the total number of air molecules in the classroom is $1.35\times {{10}^{28}}V$. in a Submarine Equipped With a Sonar the Time Delay Between Generation of a Probe Wave and the Reception of Its Echo After Reflection from an Enemy Submarine Is Found to Be \[\mathbf{77}.\mathbf{0}\text{ }\mathbf{s}\] . These are the units of electric charge. 1KWh is a mainly used unit of power.It is the amount of electric power consumed in 1 hour by an electric appliance of 1000 W (1KW). This combination is used so often that a new unit has been derived from it called the watt (symbol: W). Chapter 2 Physics Class 11 important questions carry the important questions related to various essential concepts of Chapter Units and measurements and help the students get well-versed with the various types of problems and multiple ways to handle them. The most common units in modern use are the metric units, used in every country globally.In the United States the U.S. customary units are also in use. If the value of P calculated using the above relation turns out to be 3.763, to what value should you round off the result? From the table of fundamental constants in this book, try to see if you too can construct this number (or any other interesting number you can think of). It is the result of the product of speed and time, and is represented as: D is the distance that the body travelled; its unit is metre. Similarly, measurement of time, accuracy, precision of instruments will also be learnt in this chapter. Determine if everyday objects are conductors or insulators, and take measurements with an ammeter and voltmeter. Let it be \[r\] . Wouldn't it be great to be able to convert from dB (which can be measured It is indeed very true that precise measurements of physical quantities are essential for the development of science. 23. He makes 20 observations and finds that the average width of the hair in the field of view of the microscope is 3.5 mm. Determine the dimension for the given term: El, Calculate the maximum time that a light beam will take to pass through a nucleus of diameter 1.56 x 10, A calorie refers to the standard unit of energy or heat and is equal to 4.2 Joules. Wrap the thread on a uniform smooth rod in such a way that the coils thus formed are very close to each other. Are Needed. In order to express certain quantities we combine the SI base units to form new ones. In physics, scalars (or scalar quantities) are physical quantities that are unaffected by changes to a vector space basis (i.e., a coordinate system transformation). Dimensional checks and estimates become very simple in this system. Physics has different quantity measurements, and thus other S.I. In this time lag, sound waves travel a distance which is twice the distance between the ship and the submarine \[\left( 2S \right)\] . Let the volume of water displaced by the ship with the elephant on board be given as ${{V}_{be}}=A{{d}_{2}}$. i.e., it is the sound level corresponding to Out in the open, the sound intensity is proportional to 1/r2, where Hence, we could conclude that the nuclear mass densities of all nuclei are nearly the same. Now, 1 mole of hydrogen contains $6.023\times {{10}^{23}}$ hydrogen atoms. Do I need to practice all the questions provided in Class 11 Physics Chapter 2 NCERT Solutions? 1. Homogeneity principle of dimensional analysis. Free PDF download of NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Physics Chapter 2 - Units and Measurement solved by Expert Teachers as per NCERT (CBSE) textbook guidelines. Some of these derive from a unit of force divided by a unit of area; the SI unit of pressure, the pascal Number of molecules in one mole ${{N}_{A}}=6.023\times {{10}^{23}}$ (Avogadro number). These solutions will also help you in improving a strong conceptual base with all the important concepts in a very easy and understandable language. To understand the loudness of a A dog barking? way. Explain This Common Observation Clearly: If You Look Out of the Window of a Fast-Moving Train, the Nearby Trees, Houses Etc. It is described as W = mg. We could find the mass from the given value of density and volume as, \[M=\rho \times V=7.09\times {{10}^{15}}kg\]. Estimate the thickness of hair. A New Unit of Length Is Chosen Such That the Speed of Light in Vacuum Is Unity. This gives two lines, one with the steepest possible gradient and one with the shallowest, we then calculate the gradient of each line and compare it to the best value. Students can easily understand this chapter by indulging in regular reading of the chapter and solving the questions provided in the NCERT. 7. The Atomic Mass unit is helpful while dealing with the smaller atoms and molecules with tiny mass such that measuring them in Kilogram gets a lot inconvenient. 15. The ray nature of light is used to explain how light reflects off of planar and curved surfaces to produce both real and virtual images; the nature of the images produced by plane mirrors, concave mirrors, and convex mirrors is thoroughly illustrated. The gray has a number of fields of application in measuring dose: Radiobiology. Know in detail about the unit conversion with the help of the unit conversion table. Such descriptions can rely upon words, diagrams, graphics, numerical data, and mathematical equations. Volume of water displaced by the ship would be, ${{V}_{b}}=A{{d}_{1}}$. facilitate such calculations.). 7kHz (1000 to 7000 vibrations per second) than to very low or high (speed of Sound in Water \[=\mathbf{1450}m{{s}^{-1}}\]). Since all the zeros between two non-zero digits are significant, the number of significant figures here is 4. The obvious level to choose is one volt rms, and in this case the level is Above this PDF file, there is the option of "Download PDF". Volume of 1 mole of hydrogen atoms,${{V}_{a}}=6.023\times {{10}^{23}}\times 0.524\times {{10}^{-30}}=3.16\times {{10}^{-7}}{{m}^{3}}$. Derived Unit The units derived from the base units are known as S.I. What is the difference between $\overset{{}^\circ }{\mathop{A}}\,$ and A.U.? The length of the arc is equal to the radius of the circle. 11. Since scalars mostly may be treated as special cases of multi-dimensional quantities such as vectors and tensors, physical scalar fields might be regarded as a special case of more general fields, like vector fields, spinor fields, and tensor fields. Ans: All figures present in the given case are significant. in astronomy, with approximately 50 majors distributed among its various degree programs and all four years. In a note to the CIPM in October 2009,[4] Ian Mills, the President of the CIPM Consultative Committee Units (CCU) catalogued the uncertainties of the fundamental constants of physics according to the current definitions and their values under the proposed new definition. reduced by a factor of four and sound level falls from L to Know in detail about the unit conversion with the help of the unit conversion table. This is the standard measuring system and is useful because it helps the entire World understand the measurements in a single unit system. Multiplication, division and powersWhen performing multiplications and divisions, or, dealing with powers, we simply add together the percentage uncertainties. Pressure (symbol: p or P) is the force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed. intensity from I to I/n 2. In physics, scalars (or scalar quantities) are physical quantities that are unaffected by changes to a vector space basis (i.e., a coordinate system transformation). at These High Temperatures No Substance Remains in a Solid or Liquid Phase. The unit also contains the study of various measurement errors, like absolute error, relative error, random error, systematic error, and gross error. Chapter 7 - Systems of Particles and Rotational Motion, Chapter 9 - Mechanical Properties of Solids, Chapter 10 - Mechanical Properties of Fluids, Chapter 11 - Thermal Properties of Matter. frequency sounds. S.I. "The kilogram, symbol kg, is the SI unit of, The original "International Ampere" was defined electrochemically as the current required to deposit 1.118 milligrams of silver per second from a solution of, "The candela, symbol cd, is the SI unit of, This page was last edited on 21 October 2022, at 22:41. But note that the decibel describes a ratio: in physics, a B. S. in computational physics, a B. S. in engineering physics, and a B.A. management and protection of hearing at work. We do the same for small quantities such as 1 mV which is equal to 0,001 V, m standing for milli meaning one thousandth (1/1000). Free PDF download of NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Physics Chapter 2 - Units and Measurement solved by Expert Teachers as per NCERT (CBSE) textbook guidelines. (The 100W amplifier produces twice as many sones as must the power of the loudspeaker be increased to raise the sound to Other Heat Units: Other heat units are: BTU. Bibliography Online publications and citations Detailed contents | About this reference | Feedback Formerly known as SRD 122, but reclassified as an information resource to be consistent with the Standard Reference Data Act of 1968 and, as amended, January 2017. files to show the size of a decibel, Standard State the Number of Significant Figures in the Following: Ans: We know that when the given number is less than one, all zeroes on the right of the decimal point are insignificant and hence for the given value, only 7 is the significant figure. for the factor 20 when defining dB for pressure. Mass is the universal measurement, but the body's weight is varying, as it depends on the gravity of the planet. \[\text{x= Speed of light}\times \text{Time taken by light to cover the distance}\]. and differentiators, Noise The standard atmosphere was originally defined as the pressure exerted by 760 mm of mercury at 0 C (32 F) and standard gravity (g n = 9.806 65 m/s 2). By rounding off the given value to the first decimal place, we get $P=3.8$. Students can also visit the Vedantu app to download the PDF of important questions. As might be implied by the above equation, 1 Joule is equivalent to 1 kg*(m/s)^2. 22. $1ly=\text{Speed of light }\times \text{ one year}$, $\Rightarrow 1ly=\left( 3\times {{10}^{8}}m/s \right)\times \left( 365\times 24\times 60\times 60s \right)=9.46\times {{10}^{15}}m$, $\therefore 1m=\frac{1}{9.46\times {{10}^{15}}}=1.057\times {{10}^{-16}}ly$, Therefore, $1m=1.057\times {{10}^{-16}}ly$, c) $3.0m/{{s}^{2}}=..km/h{{r}^{2}}$, $\Rightarrow 1{{s}^{2}}={{\left( \frac{1}{3600} \right)}^{2}}h{{r}^{2}}$, $3.0m/{{s}^{2}}=\frac{3\times {{10}^{-3}}}{{{\left( \frac{1}{3600}h \right)}^{2}}}km/h{{r}^{2}}$, $\therefore 3.0m/{{s}^{2}}=3.9\times {{10}^{4}}km/h{{r}^{2}}$, d)\[6.67\times{{10}^{-11}}N{{m}^{2}}/k{{g}^{2}}=.{{g}^{-1}}c{{m}^{3}}{{s}^{-2}}\], \[\Rightarrow 6.67\times {{10}^{-11}}N{{m}^{2}}k{{g}^{-2}}=6.67\times {{10}^{-11}}\times \left( 1kgm{{s}^{-2}} \right)\left( 1{{m}^{2}} \right)\left( 1{{s}^{-2}} \right)\], \[=6.67\times {{10}^{-11}}\times \left( 1kg\times 1{{m}^{3}}\times 1{{s}^{-2}} \right)\], \[=6.67\times {{10}^{-11}}\times \left( {{10}^{-3}}{{g}^{-1}} \right)\left( {{10}^{6}}c{{m}^{3}} \right)\left( 1{{s}^{-2}} \right)\], $\therefore 6.67\times {{10}^{-11}}N{{m}^{2}}/k{{g}^{2}}=6.67\times {{10}^{-8}}c{{m}^{3}}{{s}^{-2}}{{g}^{-1}}$. Measurement and Units. Physics Today has listings for the latest assistant, associate, and full professor roles, plus scientist jobs in specialized disciplines like theoretical physics, astronomy, condensed matter, materials, applied physics, astrophysics, optics and lasers, computational physics, plasma physics, and others! $\therefore $ Number of molecules in room of volume(V) could be found as, $n=\frac{6.023\times {{10}^{23}}}{22.4\times {{10}^{-3}}}\times V$, $\Rightarrow n=134.915\times {{10}^{26}}V$. 9. A physical constant, sometimes fundamental physical constant or universal constant, is a physical quantity that is generally believed to be both universal in nature and have constant value in time. Therefore, we found the dimension of mass in terms of velocity, time and force to be \[\left[ M \right]=\left[ FT{{V}^{-1}} \right]\]. we write the answer as 13.7 m s-1. Just As Precise Measurements Are Necessary in Science, it Is Equally Important to Be Able to Make Rough Estimates of Quantities Using Rudimentary Ideas and Common Observations. There are a variety of types of forces. 5. 0dBm at 0.775V even if it is not connected to 600 So, $\text{force}=\text{mass}\times \text{acceleration}$, \[\Rightarrow \text{force}=\text{mass}\times \frac{\text{Velocity}}{\text{Time}}\], \[\Rightarrow \frac{\text{Time}\times \text{force}}{\text{Velocity}}=\text{mass}\], \[\Rightarrow \left[ \text{mass} \right]=\left[ \frac{FT}{V} \right]\], \[\therefore \left[ M \right]=\left[ FT{{V}^{-1}} \right]\]. A deformation can occur because of external loads, intrinsic activity (e.g. (e.g. Some examples are: a) Ultrashort laser pulses (time interval $\sim {{10}^{-15}}s$) are used to measure time intervals in several physical and chemical processes. One reason why it is different from loudness is because the filter does not A configuration is a set containing the positions of all particles of the body. version of the same sound with power P2, but everything (Note also the factor 10 in the Base unit is the fundamental unit and the building block of any system. The dimensionally equivalent newton-metre (Nm) is sometimes used as the measuring unit for work, but this can be confused with the measurement unit of torque. Thus, by rounding off the given value to the first decimal place, we get $P=3.8$. CBSE Previous Year Question Paper for Class 10, CBSE Previous Year Question Paper for Class 12. Hence, the number of significant digits here is 4. A proton is more massive than an electron. Estimation of the number of air molecules in your classroom: One mole of air at NTP occupies \[22.4\text{ }l\] i.e., $22.4\times {{10}^{-3}}{{m}^{3}}$ volume. S.I. Hence, the nuclear mass densities of all nuclei are nearly the same. Many different types of measurements are made in physics. If, in ideal quiet conditions, a young person can hear a 1kHz tone $\therefore $ Mass of one atom $=\frac{23\times {{10}^{-3}}}{6.023\times {{10}^{23}}}kg$, $\rho =\frac{\frac{23\times {{10}^{-3}}}{6.023\times {{10}^{23}}}}{\frac{4}{3}\times 3.14\times {{\left( 1.25\times {{10}^{-10}} \right)}^{3}}}$, $\Rightarrow \rho =4.67\times {{10}^{-5}}kg\text{ }{{\text{m}}^{-3}}$. Throughout the world, there is one type or another type of measurement which has been taken as a base amount of electric power. 6. units. The diameter of the thread is given by the relation. example, the sound power) passing through each square metre of surface area of the sphere is 4r2, so the power (in our Seems to Be Stationary. unit is the international measuring system, used universally for the scientific and technical research to avoid confusion. Density of sodium nucleus could be given by. History. (collectively producing reverberation) make the calculation quite difficult. reflecting surfaces perhaps a bird singing high in the air. Disclaimer Feedback, Definition As a result, the line-of-sight does not change its direction rapidly. muscle contraction), body forces (such as gravity or electromagnetic forces), or changes in (use the Known Values of Avogadro's Number and the Atomic Mass of Sodium). Let the new unit of mass $=\alpha \text{ kg}$. noise exposure at work, which are enforced with differing enthusiasm. This led him to an interesting observation that from the basic constants of atomic physics (\[c,e\], mass of electron, mass of proton) and the gravitational constant $G$ , one could arrive at a number with the dimension of time. Physics Today has listings for the latest assistant, associate, and full professor roles, plus scientist jobs in specialized disciplines like theoretical physics, astronomy, condensed matter, materials, applied physics, astrophysics, optics and lasers, computational physics, plasma physics, and others! Sorry, animation doesn't run on Safari. while sitting in a moving train, they appear to move rapidly in the opposite direction because the line-of-sight changes very rapidly. How are they related to $y=a\sin \left( \frac{2\pi t}{T} \right)$, Dimensions of $y={{M}^{0}}{{L}^{1}}{{T}^{0}}$, Dimensions of $a={{M}^{0}}{{L}^{1}}{{T}^{0}}$, Dimensions of $\sin \left( \frac{2\pi t}{T} \right)={{M}^{0}}{{L}^{0}}{{T}^{0}}$. To increase the temperature of one unit weight of water by one degree, we require 4.184 joules of heat. Each lesson includes informative graphics, occasional animations and videos, and Check Your Understanding sections that allow the user to practice what is What is the distance of the enemy submarine? For example, the magnitude (or length) of an electric field vector is calculated as the square root of its absolute square (the inner product of the electric field with itself); so, the inner product's result is an element of the mathematical field for the vector space in which the electric field is described. Distance of Jupiter from the earth, $D=824.7\times {{10}^{6}}km=824.7\times {{10}^{9}}m$, Angular diameter $=35.72''=35.72\times 4.874\times {{10}^{-6}}rad$, & \Rightarrow d=\theta D=824.7\times {{10}^{9}}\times 35.72\times 4.874\times {{10}^{-6}}=143520.76\times {{10}^{3}} \\, & \therefore d=1.435\times {{10}^{5}}km \\. Kinematics is the science of describing the motion of objects. Ans: Since all the zeros between two non-zero digits are significant, the number of significant figures here is 4. Suppose we employ a system of units in which the unit of mass equals $\alpha \text{ kg}$, the unit of length equals $\beta $ m, the unit of time is $\gamma \text{ s}$ . The Physics Department of the University of Massachusetts Amherst invites applications for a tenure-track faculty position in experimental quantum materials and quantum information. Click this option and the file will get downloaded free of cost. Ans: It is indeed very true that precise measurements of physical quantities are essential for the development of science. as far as it goes, I'd rather not give values here. Calculate the diameter of the planet X. if the wavelength is smaller than, or of a size comparable with the So, if you halve the power, you reduce (The power dissipated in a resistor R is V2/R.) If So, Why? Distance of the star from the solar system $=4.29ly$. Related pages. Find the Dimensions of Latent Heat and Specific Heat. $y=\left( a\sqrt{2} \right)\left( \sin \frac{2\pi t}{T}+\cos \frac{2\pi t}{T} \right)$, Dimensions of \[a={{M}^{0}}{{L}^{1}}{{T}^{0}}\], Dimensions of $\frac{t}{T}={{M}^{0}}{{L}^{0}}{{T}^{0}}$. a) $y=a\sin \left( \frac{2\pi t}{T} \right)$, Given: $y=a\sin \left( \frac{2\pi t}{T} \right)$, Dimensions of $y={{M}^{0}}{{L}^{1}}{{T}^{0}}$, Dimensions of $a={{M}^{0}}{{L}^{1}}{{T}^{0}}$, Dimensions of $\sin \left( \frac{2\pi t}{T} \right)={{M}^{0}}{{L}^{0}}{{T}^{0}}$. Therefore, the accuracy of the standard caesium clock in measuring 1s time interval is, $\frac{3.15\times {{10}^{9}}}{0.02}=157.5\times {{10}^{9}}s\approx 1.5\times {{10}^{11}}s$. =10log(P2/P1)dB What is the Linear Magnification of the Projector-Screen Arrangement? Hence, the diameter of the Moon is found to be $3.57\times {{10}^{6}}m$. [citation needed]. Class 11 Physics Chapter 2 extra questions contain a list of problems and the solutions for them, making sure that the students are not required to have such multiple resources whenever they are stuck. What is the ratio of molar volume to the atomic volume of a mole of hydrogen? The green line shows the voltage as a function of time. What Is: Total mass of the box $=2.3+0.02015+0.02017=2.34032kg$. 2, 3, 7 and 0 are the significant figures. they ultimately come from the same source), then there may be complicated This corresponds to a relative standard uncertainty of 2.2 10 5 (22 ppm).. Natural units. Mass of Jupiter is very large compared to the mass of a cricket ball. Do you need help with your Homework? 10log1,000,000 = 60dB. 10log(P2/P1) = 1.2 s 0.1Fractional uncertainty:0.1 / 1.2 =0.0625. You may notice that the last is quieter than the first, but One relation that is consisting of some fundamental constants to give the age of the Universe could be given by: Substituting all these values in the above equation, we get. That is what we have done in the first $\therefore $ Number of molecules in room of volume(V). The mass of an object is unaffected by a change of vector space basis so it is also a physical scalar, described by a real number as an element of the real number field. 1. The SI base units are the standard units of measurement defined by the International System of Units (SI) for the seven base quantities of what is now known as the International System of Quantities: they are notably a basic set from which all other SI units can be derived.
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physics unit of measurement