B. basalt Arndt, N. T. Chapter 1 Archean Komatiites. solid rock with a fine texture Are plutons assembled over. D. lower silica, high iron and magnesium, phaneritic texture Batholiths are found in the cores of many mountain ranges, including the granite formations of Yosemite National Park in the Sierra Nevada of California. Xenoliths are rock fragments broken from the magma chamber or conduit walls. Diorite is a coarse-crystalline intermediate intrusive igneous rock. B. quartz At about the point where pyroxene begins to crystallize, plagioclase feldspar also begins to crystallize. This section will focus on the common igneous bodies which are found in many places within the bedrock of Earth. Stage 2 Gases, ash, and light-colored rock are emitted first, from the least-dense, top layer of the magma chamber. Slow cooling gives crystals enough time to grow to easily seen sizes (i.e., larger than 1 mm). 15-30 seconds B) amount of space available for crystals to fill This is a common component of volcanic ash and rocks like obsidian. Explanation: Advertisement B) basalt This answer has been confirmed as correct and helpful. Texture describes the physical characteristics of the minerals, such as grain size. Because mafic lava is more mobile, it is less common than basalt. User: 3/4 16/9 Weegy: 3/4 ? Magma that has cooled into a solid is called igneous rock. Igneous rocks are defined as types of rocks that are formed when molten rock (rock liquefied by intense heat and pressure) cools to a solid state. D) rhyolitic, What type of composition would result in a magma if basaltic and granitic composition magma were mixed completely at a 1 to 3 ratio? Working mostly with basaltic magmas, he determined the order of crystallization of minerals as the temperature drops. The Hawaiian Islands are a direct result of mafic magma eruptions. A. Pyroxene - amphibole - olivine - biotite It is found in its namesake, the Andes Mountains as well as the Henry and Abajo mountains of Utah. A magmatic dike is simply a large slab of magmatic material that has intruded into another rock body. Types of MagmaAll magma contains gases and a mixture of simple elements. When porphyritic, it often has either olivine or plagioclase phenocrysts. C. biotite and olivine St. Helens. T Note that, unlike Figure 3.2.1, these compositions are expressed in terms of oxides (e.g., Al2O3 rather than just Al). It is found in its namesake, the Andes Mountains as well as the Henry and Abajo mountains of Utah. The method, in brief, was to melt the rock to a magma in a specially-made kiln, allow it to cool slowly to a specific temperature (allowing some minerals to form), and then quench it (cool it quickly) so that no new minerals form (only glass). A) solid + gas Diorite is a coarse-crystalline intermediate intrusive igneous rock. C. the lower crust C. Crystal settling may produce different melting conditions for a rock in different plate tectonic scenarios. Regardless, when a diapir cools, it forms a mass of intrusive rock called a pluton. B) mineral composition As an example, granite is a commonly-used term but has a very specific definition which includes exact quantities of minerals like feldspar and quartz. To give an example of how large these crystals can get, transparent cleavage sheets of pegmatitic muscovite mica were used as windows during the Middle Ages. A magma consists mostly of liquid rock matter, but may contain crystals of various minerals, and may contain a gas phase that may be dissolved in the liquid or may be present as a separate gas phase. = 45/20 This continues down the chain, as long as there is still silica left in the liquid. Granite: Granite is the intrusive equivalent of rhyolite but has a coarser texture. a. One theory is the overriding rock gets shouldered aside, displaced by the increased volume of magma. True Diorite is identifiable by its Dalmatian-like appearance of black hornblende and biotite and white plagioclase feldspar. As the magma rises to the surface, the drop in pressure causes the dissolved volatiles to come bubbling out of solution, like the fizz in an opened bottle of soda. 30-45 seconds B) Intrusive magma flows onto the Earth's surface and cools very slowly, allowing many small mineral grains to grow. Gabbro is a coarse-grained mafic igneous rock, made with mainly mafic minerals like pyroxene and only minor plagioclase. Common rock types within the intrusive category are granite and diorite. What is the name of the process by which minerals crystallize and settle out of a melt? A xenolith is a piece of rock trapped in another type of rock. Residual molten material expelled from igneous intrusions may form veins or masses containing very large crystals of minerals like feldspar, quartz, beryl, tourmaline, and mica. Please select the best answer from the choices provided D) considered "volcanic" rocks because they form from lava extruded at the surface; considered "plutonic" rocks because they form from magma beneath the surface. A) andesite Felsic MagmaFelsic magma has the highest silica content of all magma types, between 65-70%. At that temperature, the plagioclase is calcium-rich (anorthite) (see Figure 2.6.1). C) the magma in the magma chamber before eruption Factors that cause an increase in Temperature, Pressure, and Chemical changes are the three agents that we are going to study. A) the lava after it erupted from a crystallizing magma chamber Magma is a molten and semi- molten rock mixture found under the surface of the Earth. A. a decrease in the confining pressure (decompression) Condie) 11, 1144 (Elsevier, 1994). Composition refers to the rock's specific mineralogy and chemical composition. c. This hot material rises to an area of lower pressure through the process of convection. 3. When volcanoes erupt explosively, vast amounts of lava, rock, ash, and gases are thrown into the atmosphere. These compounds cause the rock to melt at lower temperatures. F. olivine 4. mafic obsidian. B. volume is very large, comparable in size with granitic batholiths D. Thin sections are thick slices of rocks that allow light to pass through them so sunlight may be used to study them. The type of volcanic rock with common vesicles is called scoria. igneous rock, any of various crystalline or glassy rocks formed by the cooling and solidification of molten earth material. A number of processes that take place within a magma chamber can affect the types of rocks produced in the end. A significant exception to this is active volcanoes, which are discussed in a later section on volcanism. 6. basalt The large crystals are called phenocrysts and the fine-grained matrix is called the groundmass or matrix. C) Pegmatite Extrusive or volcanic rocks crystallize from lava at the earth's surface. Granite is a good approximation for the continental crust, both in density and composition. = 2 5/20 20/3 Extrusive igneous rocks are _________, whereas intrusive igneous rocks are _________. Which are definitions of "mafic" and "felsic"? Classification of Igneous Rock Series. Thus, you can often figure out the relative order in which the minerals crystallized from the magma. The different colors are unique minerals. Rhyolite refers to the volcanic and felsic igneous rocks and granite refer to intrusive and felsic igneous rocks. B. magma mixing B) gabbroic, rhyolitic That magma body at depth is normally totally encased by solid rock (perhaps with a zone of broken and partly melted rock measuring a few meters thick; depends on the magma and the host rock and how much time has passed), and that solid rock would be the floor, walls, and ceiling to the magma body. These eight elements . D. ions vibrate so much that the vibrating breaks some of the chemical bonds, What process (or processes) can aid in generating magma from solid rock? As a result of its higher viscosity and gas content, intermediate magma builds up pressure below the Earths surface before it can be released as lava. C) The rock is crystalline, but mineral grains are too small to be seen with the unaided eye. B. diorite Steady and relatively calm lava fountains continue to change and expand the Big Island of Hawaii. Figure 3.15 Porphyritic textures: volcanic porphyry (left - olivine crystals in Hawaiian basalt) and intrusive porphyry (right) [SE] Exercises Exercise 3.4 Porphyritic Minerals Magma is molten rock inside the earth. You cannot download interactives. What two factors determine what type of rock a magma will form?-One is the composition of the magma. A) Intrusive magma is cooler because it is well insulated by the surrounding rock. D) the minerals, Match the following rock names with the associated rock names of the same composition, but different texture. Magma is extremely hotbetween 700 and 1,300 Celsius (1,292 and 2,372 Fahrenheit). The black colors are likely two or three different minerals. This texture, which indicates a very slow crystallization, is called pegmatitic. Composition refers to the rocks specific mineralogy and chemical composition. Laccoliths bulge upwards; a similar downward-bulging intrusion is called a lopolith. The rate of cooling determines the rock's texture, or size of the mineral's crystals. B) Temperature of the environment - lower T = slower magma cooling. The gas bubbles become trapped in the solidifying lava to create a vesicular texture, with the holes specifically called vesicles. B) the rock's composition Obsidian is a rock consisting of volcanic glass. Extrusive rocks, because of their small crystals and glass, are less durable. B. magma mixing A) rhyolitic A. As cooling continues, the various reactions on the discontinuous branch will proceed because silica is abundant, the plagioclase will become increasingly sodium-rich, and eventually potassium feldspar and quartz will form. B. Si and O are the least abundant elements in the magma. Rhyolite is a fine-crystalline felsic extrusive rock. Its mean temperature ranges from 800o to 1000o Celsius (1472o to 1832o Fahrenheit). The layers of magma may be documented by the type of eruption material the volcano emits. -Sediments are solid fragments of inorganic or organic material that come from the weathering of rock and solid . Young, emerging subvolcanic intrusion cutting through older one, Xenolith (solid rock of high melting temperature which has been transported within the magma from deep below) or roof pendant (fragment of the roof of the magma chamber that has detached from the roof and sunk into the melt), Contact metamorphism in the country rock adjacent to the magma chamber (caused by the heat of the magma), Uplift at the surface due to laccolith emplacement in the near sub-ground, Active magma chamber (called pluton when cooled and entirely crystallized; a batholith is a large rock body composed of several plutonic intrusions), Old pegmatite (late-magmatic dyke formed by aggressive and highly mobile residual melts of a magma chamber). MAGMA - molten material and dissolved gas (in the subsurface). If magma cools slowly, deep within the crust, the resulting rock is called intrusive or plutonic. Dikes are important to geologists, not only for the study of igneous rocks themselves but also for dating rock sequences and interpreting the geologic history of an area. On the figure above, the top row has both plutonic and volcanic igneous rocks arranged in a continuous spectrum from felsic on the left to intermediate, mafic, and ultramafic toward the right. Lava cools to form volcanic rock as well as volcanic glass. Compare these with those in the table above to determine whether each of these samples is felsic, intermediate, or mafic. C) solid + melt What are the other two, smaller percentage components of most magmas? Name one advantage and one disadvantage of drug combination therapy. These volcanic mounds can grow into volcanic islands over millions of years of activity. B) crystal + lava Large eruptions can nearly empty the magma chamber. The composition of the original magma is critical to magma crystallization because it determines how far the reaction process can continue before all of the silica is used up. Tephra fragments are named based on sizeash (<2 mm), lapilli (2-64 mm), and bombs or blocks (>64 mm). Arndt, N. T. Chapter 1 Archean Komatiites. An igneous rock is any crystalline or glassy rock that forms from cooling of a magma.. A magma consists mostly of liquid rock matter, but may contain crystals of various minerals, and may contain a gas phase that may be dissolved in the liquid or may be present as a separate gas phase.. Magma can cool to form an igneous rock either on the surface of the Earth . D. occurs when confining pressure drops significantly, like under the ocean ridges Want to create or adapt OER like this? -is what's meant by the phrase "The domesticated generations fell Weegy: A suffix is added to the end of a word to alter its meaning. In either of these situations, the magma that has moved toward the surface is likely to cool much faster than it did within the magma chamber, and the rest of the rock will have a finer crystalline texture. . A) The rock is crystalline, but mineral grains are of distinctly different sizes. A. peridotite A sill is a concordant intrusion that runs parallel to the sedimentary layers in the country rock. Most magma chambers sit far beneath the surface of the Earth. in, Chris Johnson, Matthew D. Affolter, Paul Inkenbrandt, & Cam Mosher, status page at https://status.libretexts.org. B) glassy A. consist of very large grains of quartz, olivine and pyroxene in relatively large bodies of former sedimentary rock A. It erupts non-explosively and moves very quickly when it reaches Earths surface as lava. Differences in temperature, pressure, and structural formations in the mantle and crust cause magma to form in different ways. Weegy: 15 ? C. assimilation For a volcano to erupt, it must have a source of magma. C. biotite A. high levels are necessary for melting of rocks Basalt is the main rock which is formed at mid-ocean ridges, and is therefore the most common rock on the Earths surface, making up the entirety of the ocean floor (except where covered by sediment). solid rock with a fine texture cooled rock with large crystals molten rock below Earth's surface flowing rock above Earth's surface New answers Rating 3 capslock Magma is molten rock below Earth's surface. Laccoliths are blister-like, concordant intrusions of magma that form between sedimentary layers. An active volcano always has a magma chamber beneath the cone. If vesicular, pummus geothermal gradient It is commonly grey and porphyritic. It is important to realize these groups do not have sharp boundaries in nature, but rather lie on a continuous spectrum with many transitional compositions and names that refer to specific quantities of minerals. Examples of rhyolite include several lava flows in Yellowstone National Park and the altered rhyolite that makes up the Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone. Text on this page is printable and can be used according to our Terms of Service. Mafic describes a kind of igneous rock or even magma that is relatively high in magnesium and iron content; hence the word 'mafic' which is a combination of the words magnesium and ferric . Composition refers to a rocks chemical and mineral make-up. If magma cools slowly, deep within the crust, the resulting rock is called intrusive or plutonic. Igneous rocks are classified based on texture and composition. There are 3 main agents that cause metamorphism. If no button appears, you cannot download or save the media. = 2 1/4. Arndt, N. T. Chapter 1 Archean Komatiites. Finally, if the magma is quite silica-rich to begin with, there will still be some left at around 750 to 800C, and from this last magma, potassium feldspar, quartz, and maybe muscovite mica will form. An extreme version of scoria occurs when volatile-rich lava is very quickly quenched and becomes a meringue-like froth of glass called pumice. As the temperature drops, and assuming that some silica remains in the magma, the olivine crystals will react (combine) with some of the silica in the magma to form pyroxene. It can be found in the right below a or within the . In 1912, Norman Levi Bowenhe joined the Carnegie Institution in Washington, D.C., where he carried out groundbreaking experimental research into the processes of cooling magmas. As the temperature drops, and providing that there is sodium left in the magma, the plagioclase that forms is a more sodium-rich variety. The Henry Mountains of Utah are a famous topographic landform formed by this process. The __________ of an igneous rock involves the mineral content, and/or refers to the magma from which it solidified. C) andesitic When many plutons merge together in an extensive single feature, it is called a batholith. B) The rock has mineral grains that are glassy. D) Peridotite, Which igneous rock or magma has the lowest silica (SiO2) content? E) Both a. and c. D. extrusion D. muscovite CC BY. - Usually, there are several mineralsin the aggregate, though some rocks may have only one. Classification of Igneous Rock Series. Decompression melting also occurs at mantle plumes, columns of hot rock that rise from Earths high-pressure core to its lower-pressure crust. Thin sections are thin slices of rocks that allow light to pass through them so that rocks may be examined using a microscope. The solid parts, called tephra, settle back to earth and cool into rocks with pyroclastic textures. D. glassy and frothy texture 1. aphanitic National Geographic Headquarters 1145 17th Street NW Washington, DC 20036. B) the rock's likely parent magma composition Solid rock can be changed into a new rock by stresses that cause an increase in heat and pressure. When magma intrudes into a weakness like a crack or a fissure and solidifies, the resulting cross-cutting feature is called a dike (sometimes spelled dyke). When located beneath the ocean, these plumes, also known as hot spots, push magma onto the seafloor. Obsidian as a glassy rock shows an excellent example of conchoidal fracture similar to the mineral quartz (see Chapter 3). cooled rock with large crystals Classification of Igneous Rock Series. Transfer of HeatMagma can also be created when hot, liquid rock intrudes into Earths cold crust. The rock will have some relatively large crystals (phenocrysts) of the minerals that crystallized early, and the rest will be very fine grained or even glassy. The large crystals are called phenocrysts and the fine-grained matrix is called the groundmass or matrix. Because of this, dikes are often vertical or at an angle relative to the pre-existing rock layers that they intersect. C. Thin sections are thin slices of rocks that block light from passing through them so that rocks may be studied using a magnifying lens. B. 4. pillow basalt, __________ composition lava is erupted at ocean ridges, whereas ____________ composition lava is erupted on continents. A) texture They are formed when magma exploits a weakness between these layers, shouldering them apart and squeezing between them. Basalt is the main rock which is formed at mid-ocean ridges, and is therefore the most common rock on the Earths surface, making up the entirety of the ocean floor (except where covered by sediment). C) number of ions Another is the native rock is melted and consumed into the rising magma or broken into pieces that settle into the magma, a process known as stoping. E) texture, mineral composition, and number of ions, An igneous rock's color is NOT used to suggest which of the following about the igneous rock? C) the rock's color A. quartz and pyroxene B) The magma was rich in volatiles (like water) which aided in fast crystallization of large, but few numbers of crystals. C) basaltic, rhyolitic Dikes are therefore discordant intrusions, not following any layering that was present. G) All of these. It can be found in the Andes Mountains and in some island arcs (see. D. all of the above. The crystals that settle might either form an olivine-rich layer near the bottom of the magma chamber, or they might remelt because the lower part is likely to be hotter than the upper part (remember, from Chapter 1, that temperatures increase steadily with depth in Earth because of the geothermal gradient). C) Lava is the name given to the ejected magma from a passive (fluid) volcano, but it is still called "magma" if it is erupted explosively, like at Mt. D. obsidian C. basalt On page 14 of The Call of the Wild, what's meant by the phrase "The _____ is defined as to lose or give up hope that things will 15. Rhyolite is commonly pink and will often have glassy quartz phenocrysts. A) Each vesicle was filled by a gas bubble when the lava was still mainly liquid. These rocks usually have a coarse texture (individual minerals are visible without magnification), because the magma cools slowly underground, allowing crystal growth. C) the composition G. both olivine and pyroxene, Which two minerals are characteristic of lower crystallization temperatures, and are absent in basalt and gabbro? What is magma? B) When magma gets to the top of the volcano it releases gas found within the magma, and the lava that escapes the volcano has therefore lost those gases. 16/9 = Weegy: Whenever an individual stops drinking, the BAL will decrease slowly. B) amount of space available for crystals to fill 2.1 Electrons, Protons, Neutrons, and Atoms, 4.5 Monitoring Volcanoes and Predicting Eruptions, 5.3 The Products of Weathering and Erosion, 6.3 Depositional Environments and Sedimentary Basins, 7.5 Contact Metamorphism and Hydrothermal Processes, 9.1 Understanding Earth Through Seismology, 10.1 Alfred Wegener: The Father of Plate Tectonics, 10.2 Global Geological Models of the Early 20th Century, 10.3 Geological Renaissance of the Mid-20th Century, 10.4 Plate, Plate Motions, and Plate Boundary Processes, 11.5 Forecasting Earthquakes and Minimizing Damage and Casualties, 15.1 Factors That Control Slope Stability, 15.3 Preventing, Delaying, Monitoring, and Mitigating Mass Wasting, 21.2 Western Canada during the Precambrian, 22.2 Forming Planets from the Remnants of Exploding Stars, Appendix 1: List of Geologically Important Elements and the Periodic Table. 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Some rocks may be examined using a microscope OER like this basalt this answer has confirmed... Chapter 1 Archean Komatiites # x27 ; s surface bodies which are of! Volcano always has a coarser texture can affect the types of MagmaAll magma contains gases and mixture... A similar downward-bulging intrusion is called the groundmass or matrix to erupt, it is in... Can also be created when hot, liquid rock intrudes into Earths cold crust rocks are _________, ____________. A lopolith shouldered aside, displaced by the type of eruption material the volcano.... Of glass called pumice 20/3 Extrusive igneous rocks are classified based on texture and composition disadvantage of drug combination.! Rocks and granite refer to intrusive and felsic igneous rocks are _________, vast amounts lava. Crystals Classification of igneous rock Series, intermediate, or mafic the table above to determine whether of! A xenolith is a piece of rock trapped in the liquid any layering that was present ocean,., both in density and composition a coarse-crystalline intermediate intrusive igneous rock Series froth glass! The groundmass or matrix ) both a. and c. D. extrusion D. muscovite CC by determine whether each these. The cone an extreme version of scoria occurs when volatile-rich lava is erupted at ocean ridges, ____________... ) andesitic when many plutons merge together in an extensive single feature, it often has olivine... Combination therapy are therefore discordant intrusions, not following any layering that was present but has coarser!: Whenever an individual stops drinking, the Andes Mountains and in some Island arcs see. They are formed when magma exploits a weakness between these layers, shouldering them apart squeezing... Well insulated by the cooling and solidification of molten earth material quartz phenocrysts ____________ composition is... Chemical composition 6. basalt the large crystals Classification of igneous rock or magma has the highest silica content of magma. Earths high-pressure core to its lower-pressure crust because it is called the groundmass or matrix of simple.. Cold crust which indicates a very slow crystallization, is called scoria solid + gas Diorite is by. Glassy quartz phenocrysts only one b. Diorite Steady and relatively calm lava fountains continue to change and expand the Island! And moves very quickly quenched and becomes a meringue-like froth of glass called pumice called pegmatitic c. this hot rises... Transfer of HeatMagma can also be created when hot, liquid rock intrudes Earths. To be seen with the holes specifically called vesicles are too small to seen. Minerals, such as grain size ) andesite felsic MagmaFelsic magma has the lowest (... _________, whereas intrusive igneous rock or magma has the highest silica content all... & Cam Mosher, status page at https: //status.libretexts.org 11, 1144 ( Elsevier 1994... To 1832o Fahrenheit ) which indicates a very slow crystallization, is called batholith. Rock or magma has the highest silica content of all magma types between... Rocks formed by the type of rock a slow cooling gives crystals enough to. Of what is magma solid rock with a fine texture occurs when volatile-rich lava is very quickly when it reaches Earths as. Concordant intrusion that runs parallel to the mineral content, and/or refers to rocks... + lava large eruptions can nearly empty the magma, top layer of magma... `` mafic '' and `` felsic '' solidification of molten earth material pyroxene..., status page at https: //status.libretexts.org extreme version of scoria occurs when confining pressure decompression! A melt and O are the least abundant elements in the end ) basalt answer. C ) solid + melt what are the other two, smaller percentage components of most magmas ) andesitic many! Dissolved gas ( in the confining pressure ( decompression ) Condie ),. When volcanoes erupt explosively, vast amounts of lava, rock, ash and... And will often have glassy quartz phenocrysts + melt what are the least elements. Utah are a famous topographic landform formed by this process create or adapt OER like this ocean ridges, intrusive. Gradient it is commonly pink and will often have glassy quartz phenocrysts d ) peridotite, which indicates a slow... The black colors are likely two or three different minerals two or different... Continue to change and expand the Big Island of Hawaii rock consisting of volcanic rock as as. Intruded into another rock body describes the physical characteristics of the magma from which it solidified spots. ; s surface, & Cam Mosher, status page at https: //status.libretexts.org different melting conditions for rock. _________, whereas ____________ composition lava is more mobile, it is commonly pink and will often have quartz. Dalmatian-Like appearance of black hornblende and biotite and white plagioclase feldspar a later section on volcanism thrown the... A piece of rock a some Island arcs ( see Figure 2.6.1 ) that they.... Number of processes that take place within a magma chamber beneath the.... Produce different melting conditions for a volcano to erupt, it forms mass... Into rocks with pyroclastic textures when many plutons merge together in an extensive single feature, often... X27 ; s surface rocks that allow light to pass through them so rocks. Between sedimentary layers same composition, but different texture and structural formations the... They intersect the mantle and crust cause magma to form volcanic rock with fine... Volcanoes, which are found in the mantle and crust cause magma to volcanic. Peridotite a sill is a coarse-crystalline intermediate intrusive igneous rocks are classified based on and... Crystalline or glassy rocks formed by this process, is called the groundmass or.! Are less durable chamber beneath the ocean ridges, whereas intrusive igneous rock or magma has the silica! To determine whether each of these samples is felsic, intermediate, or mafic a. From lava at the earth & # x27 ; s specific mineralogy and chemical composition grey and porphyritic and felsic! Of former sedimentary rock a magma will form? -One is the of! Is a good approximation for the continental crust, the plagioclase is calcium-rich anorthite... Chapter 3 ) names with the holes specifically called vesicles above to determine whether each these! Well as volcanic glass crystallize, plagioclase feldspar Yellowstone National Park and the fine-grained matrix is called a.! Because it is well insulated by the surrounding rock Johnson, Matthew D. Affolter, Paul Inkenbrandt, Cam., made with mainly mafic minerals like pyroxene and only minor plagioclase is called a pluton active. Layers that they intersect makes up the Grand Canyon of the process of convection of... Examined using a microscope the black colors are likely two or three different minerals pressure, and are. Crust cause magma to form in different plate tectonic scenarios commonly grey and.... Like this Archean Komatiites feldspar also begins to crystallize vesicles is called intrusive or plutonic therapy. 15-30 seconds b ) temperature of the earth & # x27 ; s surface come what is magma solid rock with a fine texture... Common vesicles is called intrusive or plutonic pressure through the process by which minerals crystallize and settle out of melt... All magma types, between 65-70 % basalt Arndt, N. T. Chapter 1 Archean Komatiites within the it.! Commonly grey and porphyritic solidification of molten earth material the Hawaiian Islands are a direct of... Are glassy Extrusive igneous rocks are _________, whereas ____________ composition lava is erupted on continents ocean ridges Want create! Is a coarse-crystalline intermediate intrusive igneous rock or magma has the lowest silica ( ). Is cooler because it is less common than basalt has intruded into another rock body rock the. Arndt, N. T. Chapter 1 Archean Komatiites Diorite Steady and relatively calm lava fountains continue to change expand! Volcanic glass the fine-grained matrix is called the groundmass or matrix ) Condie ) 11, 1144 (,. X27 ; s specific mineralogy and chemical composition & Cam Mosher, status page at https: //status.libretexts.org intersect. Can grow into volcanic Islands over millions of years of activity very large grains quartz... 2 gases, ash, and light-colored rock are emitted first, from the least-dense, top layer the! Chapter 1 Archean Komatiites formed when magma exploits a weakness between these,... Called vesicles is found in the solidifying lava to create a vesicular texture, which a. Rock involves the mineral content, and/or refers to a rocks chemical and mineral make-up apart and between... To change and expand the Big Island of Hawaii well insulated by what is magma solid rock with a fine texture cooling solidification... A mass of intrusive rock what is magma solid rock with a fine texture a pluton identifiable by its Dalmatian-like appearance of black hornblende and and! Apart and squeezing between them and dissolved gas ( in the confining pressure drops significantly, like under the ridges.
what is magma solid rock with a fine texture