public health theories and models

The WHO Constitution states its main objective as "the attainment by all peoples of the highest possible level of health". Our efforts are primarily focused on influenza A virus and the severe, acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), but we have interests in several other viruses including, enterovirus-D68 (EV-D68), Influenza B virus and other emerging viruses. Who developed the social cognitive theory? Physical Health (315) School and Academics (913) Topic; Holidays (151) Pop Culture & Events (25) Seasonal (329) Articles. In social construction theory, peers are often used as the standard for comparison. EBioMedicine. However, there have been important gains in the last 30 years with some programs such as home visitation programs shown to be effective in reducing child maltreatment (Klevens & Whitaker, 2007; MacMillan et al., 2009; WHO, 2006). Public health models aim to prevent problems occurring in the first place by targeting policies and interventions at the known risk indicators for the problem, quickly identifying and responding to problems if they do occur, and minimising the long-term effects of the problems (World Health Organization [WHO], 2006). Disability health care across the life span, PART 7. Medicinski pregled. [9] They also participate in hotlines where the community members can call with questions and give up to date information from the Center for Disease Control. Similarly, set-point theory also suggests that the effects of life events on SWB are only temporary and eventually regress to a baseline (default) determined by personality and genetics [31, 33]. Another subset of fulfillment and engagement theories focuses on how emotions can be both determinants and outcomes of SWB. This Friday, were taking a look at Microsoft and Sonys increasingly bitter feud over Call of Duty and whether U.K. regulators are leaning toward torpedoing the Activision Blizzard deal. 1980;38(4):668. Nurses Roles and Functions in the Community, 39. Article If an individual thinks of himself or herself better off than others, he or she will have higher SWB [22, 40, 41]. Bower [51] has shown that people recall memories that are affectively congruent with their current emotional state. Peoples subjective appraisals of the environment in which they live have also been found to impact SWB [169]. Although this set of theories overlaps somewhat with fulfillment and engagement theories that emphasize the relation of pleasure and pain to need and goal fulfillment, emotion theories represent important extensions that demonstrate additional mechanisms through which emotions affect activities and reinforce SWB. SES also provides one with resources to cope with difficulties in life. Public Health Nursing: Population-Centered Health Care in the Community, 10th Edition provides up-to-date information on issues such as infectious diseases, natural and man-made disasters, and healthcare policies affecting individuals, families, and Among the public health studies reviewed, 15% focused on a single determinant category, and 67% included three or more determinant categories. (2008). Religion and culture also impact EVA through their influence on how SWB is conceptualized (e.g., if is it an individual or collective concept), how comparison standards are formulated for EVA, and optimism [66, 109, 128]. National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. MacMillan, H., Wathen, C., Barlow, J., Ferguson, D., Leventhal, J., & Taussig, H. (2009). 2015;70(3):234. This programme will offer you the opportunity to demonstrate a systematic understanding of fundamental public health concepts and to critically approach a broad range of public health theories, concepts and frameworks that are fundamental to public health policy and practice in national and international contexts. Overall, discrepancies in findings about how basic demographics influence SWB may be attributable to the fact that SES-, health-, and personality-related factors are inconsistently controlled for in these studies [67, 99, 132]. Emerson E, Kariuki M, Honey A, Llewellyn G. Becoming disabled: the association between disability onset in younger adults and subsequent changes in productive engagement, social support, financial hardship and subjective wellbeing. Gender, SES, culture, social support, personality, and differences in resource availability have also been found to influence the relationship between health and functioning and SWB [11, 17, 75, 79, 114, 136]. Cramm J, Mller V, Nieboer A. The term determinant has the implicit connotation of causality which may not necessarily be the case between all variables and SWB. Gull F, Dawood S. Religiosity and subjective well-being amongst institutionalized elderly in Pakistan. CAS Understanding subjective well-being: perspectives from psychology and public health, https://doi.org/10.1186/s40985-020-00142-5, https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/gdp-and-beyond/quality-of-life, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/. Given that theoretical and empirical SWB studies are often scattered across disciplinary boundaries, reviews within a single discipline rarely consolidate theories and empirical evidence together for new insights into research directions. theories related to health behavior change that can help planners design effective health promotion programs: socioecological, transtheoretical, and health belief. SWB-related studies appear in traditional disciplines, such as philosophy, economics, and psychology, as well as in emerging fields, such as public health and human ecology. Print 2018 Nov 15. Frontiers in psychology. 2016;62:305. This exam covers many fields of study including leadership, ethics, program administration, policies and health equity.[8]. Finally, geography and infrastructure influences access to activity opportunities and resources to meet goals and needs. The results, which were published in Nature, closely matched CDC data, and led it by 12 weeks. To this end, many countries utilize objective proxies of well-being, such as income, literacy, and life expectancy, as well as subjective measures, such as how life is perceived and experienced by individuals [2]. In the next section, instead of trying to generate a coherent framework (that is currently theoretically and methodologically impossible) to inform the review of the empirical literature, we propose an operationalizable criterion that focuses on dimension of SWB studied, measure of SWB used, design of the study, study population, and types of determinants and correlates to organize and summarize the empirical literature. They provide a linkage between epidemiological data and clinical understanding of health issues. As Diener [3] points out, eudemonic well-being does not reflect the actors subjective judgment, but the value framework of the researcher. In this review, we chose not to focus on eudemonic well-beingan external assessment of whether someone is living a desirable or purposeful lifebut rather on hedonic well-beingthe individuals own sense of his or her well-being, as designated by EVA and EMO. 2021 Dec 18:ciab986. 2016;58:8796. Stagner, M. W., & Lansing, J. Fast Facts 1 in 5 U.S. adults experience mental illness each year 1 in 20 U.S. adults experience serious mental illness each year 1 in 6 U.S. youth aged 6-17 experience a mental health disorder each year 1982:89105. With over 25 years in public health education, we Skip navigation UK introduces contemporary psychological theories of behaviour change, and explores how these theories provide an understanding of workers behaviours and inform the design of interventions to encourage healthy choices. An ebook (short for electronic book), also known as an e-book or eBook, is a book publication made available in digital form, consisting of text, images, or both, readable on the flat-panel display of computers or other electronic devices. Appendix H: The health insurance portability and accountability Act HIPAA: What does it mean for public health nurses. We provide outstanding undergraduate and postgraduate teaching informed by our leading research in psychology and neuroscience. Sort by 2,362 results With the overabundance of definitions, criteria, assessments and theories on what a gifted child is, how can a parent go about getting a proper assessment? The effects of exercise on mood in older adults: a meta-analytic review. 1985;16(2):15767. Krause N. Religious meaning and subjective well-being in late life. Based on our review and consideration of all identified determinants/correlates, we found that they fall into seven broad categories: Basic demographics: gender, age, and race/ethnicity, Socioeconomic status (SES): income, education, employment, family structure, and immigration status, Health and functioning: general or self-reported health, diseases, mental and physical disability, obesity, sleep deprivation, and physical activity, Personality: the Big Five personality traits and nuanced traits, such as self-efficacy, optimism, and self-esteem, Social support: the number of contacts, quality of contacts, friends, family, family satisfaction, social satisfaction, and discrimination, Religion and culture: conceptualization of SWB, formulation of comparison standards, religiosity, and visits to houses of worship (mosque, temple, synagogue, etc. Aging & mental health. It is an epidemiological model that attempts to prevent or reduce a particular illness or social problem in a population by identifying risk indicators. Sign in to view your account details and order history. Bennett P. Psychology and health promotion: McGraw-Hill Education (UK); 1997. Given the difficulties in using theories to generate comparable empirical studies, we make an argument toward the end of the paper that an empirical summary of determinants/correlates of SWB can potentially be used to improve the link between theory and empirical research and that the overlap in the determinant/correlates as they relate to our four theory categories may enable us to conduct theoretical testing across theories in unison. Personal orientation theories rarely mention the potential impacts of social and economic resources, culture, and access to activities (to meet needs and goals) in influencing SWB. Article The global warming controversy concerns the public debate over whether global warming is occurring, how much has occurred in modern times, what has caused it, what its effects will be, whether any action can or should be taken to curb it, and if so what that action should be. Theories may be scientific, belong to a non-scientific discipline, or no discipline at all.Depending on the context, a theory's assertions PubMedGoogle Scholar. TheHealthy People 2020 frameworkaddresses the importance of ecological models in health promotion and disease prevention. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Social indicators research. While this study was initially aimed at looking at determinants of SWB, a lack of longitudinal research which aids in such causal inferences led us to realize that what studies often referred to as determinants of SWB were at best correlates. Effect of yoga based lifestyle intervention on subjective well-being. For example, the National Framework for Protecting Australias Children 20092020 (CoAG, 2009) is based on the public health model. Life satisfaction across four stages of adult life. It is important to distinguish our review from a systematic review of SWB theories and empirical literature. [14] Their goal is to reduce disease and improve the quantity and quality of life of the general public. Based upon a consolidated review of the psychology and public health literature, we summarize and classify theoretical SWB studies into four major categories: fulfillment and engagement theories, personal orientation theories, evaluative theories, and emotional theories. Theories and models also help us to plan and review the structure of the service system in responding to problems. The SWLS was used in 22% of the studies in public health and 40% of the studies in psychology. : CA, US; 1975. Income may also exert a greater influence on SWB at extreme levels of poverty, but once basic needs are met, the influence wanes [93]. Evaluative theories view SWB as a mental comparison between an individuals life, conditions, or circumstances with a specific objective or subjective standard. Google Scholar. 2006;60(3):21927. Ensure you have a solid understanding of community and public health nursing with this industry standard text! A Public or Community Health Nurse is expected to comply with the duties and limitations of the American Nurse Association (ANA) publication Public Health Nursing: Scope and Standards of Practice. Personality, culture, and subjective well-being: emotional and cognitive evaluations of life. Grant S, Langan-Fox J, Anglim J. 2008;52(2):12331. PloS one. Illness intrusiveness and subjective well-being in patients with glioblastoma. To avoid nomenclature confusion, in the following review, SWB refers to both evaluative and emotional SWB, EVA refers to the evaluative aspect, and EMO refers to the emotional aspect. These numbers are also powerful tools for raising public awareness, stigma-busting and advocating for better health care. Towards a public health model of child protection in Australia. Research in developmental disabilities. [12], Public health nurses focus on the entire community's population along with the individual and family population. Overall, the dominant SWB dimension studied was EVA, being featured in 42% of psychology studies and 65% of public health studies. Subjective well-being, sociodemographic factors, mental and physical health of rural residents. A popular example is Google Flu Trends,[18] which was first released in 2008. 1984;95(3):542. Although demographic variables, such as health, income, educational background, and marital status, have been widely considered as both determinants and proxies for needs, goals, and activities, an exploration of these demographic variables demonstrates that they only account for small variations in SWB [29, 30]. Methods We cataloged and consolidated Design of study: Most empirical studies aim to identify determinants of SWB; therefore, the use of longitudinal or experimental study designs would be best suited to tease out causal relationships. Much of the use of SWB within public health stems from psychological theories, and this degree of overlap provided a logical pairing. For the Big Five, conscientiousness is positively associated with EVA, extroversion is associated with positive emotions, and neuroticism is associated with negative emotions [72, 83, 135, 162]. (2007). We also included a few studies on geography and infrastructure from disciplines other than public health and psychology and found that these studies highlighted the fact that understanding the spatial nature of SWB is important because peoples needs, desires, and potential methods to improve their SWB are all context sensitive. VanCoevering VGR. Bryce R, Irvine KN, Church A, Fish R, Ranger S, Kenter JO. Application of ethics in the community, Brief history of ethics and bioethics: Relationship to nursing and public health, Ethical principles and theories as guides to ethical decision making, Ethics and the core functions of population-centered nursing practice, 8. Promoting and Protecting the Health of Vulnerable Populations, 31. These numbers are also powerful tools for raising public awareness, stigma-busting and advocating for better health care. This seems counterintuitive to calls from leading researchers in the field to test multiple theories and their propositions simultaneously to gain a more cohesive view on the structure of SWB [3]. Part of The big five traits as predictors of subjective and psychological well-being. [6] The ANA offers an ANCC credential for specialized Public Health Nursing known as the Advanced Public Health Nursing-Board Certified (APHN-BC) credential. 2015;61(1):417. 1974;29(4):4548. Public health, primary care, and primary health care systems, Forces stimulating change in the demand for health care, Current health care system in the United States, Forces influencing changes in the health care system, Health care delivery reform effortsUnited States, Overview and historical perspective of global health, Major global health problems and the burden of disease, Principles of economicsmicroeconomics and macroeconomics, Factors affecting resource allocation in health care, The context of the U.S. health care system, PART 2. 1995;153(5):529. Horsfall, B., Bromfield, L., & McDonald, M. (2010). (2009). 2016;11(5):e0156399. Tanksale D. Big Five personality traits: Are they really important for the subjective well-being of Indians? 1980;11(3):193209. We acknowledge all Traditional Custodians, their Elders past, present and emerging, and we pay our respects to their continuing connection to their culture, community, land, sea and rivers. Co.; 1965. History of public health and public and community health nursing, Public health during americas colonial period across the new republic, Nightingale and the origins of trained nursing, Public health nursing in official health agencies and in world war I, African American nurses in public health nursing, Between the two world wars: Economic depression and the rise of hospitals, Increasing federal action for the publics health, World war II: Extension and retrenchment in public health nursing, Declining financial support for practice and professional organizations, Professional nursing education for public health nursing, New resources and new communities: The 1960s and nursing, Community organization and professional change, Public health nursing from the 1970s into the twenty-first century, Designing health care for the American people, 3. American psychologist. [4], Public health nursing focuses on betterment of the community as a whole. 2013;3(1):124. In all the studies reviewed for this paper, no single prevalent analysis method in either discipline or across disciplines emerged; methods ranged from descriptive and simple correlation to structural equation modeling, confounding comparisons between them. Wilson WR. In this course, learners explore the health behavior theories and models that are used in the promotion of healthy behaviors in diverse communities. Table 1 illustrates the way child maltreatment prevention programs can be conceptualised according to a public health model (that is, primary, secondary, and tertiary interventions) based on their level of operation or focus (that is, children, parents or community). 2000;55(1):99. (2008, November 16). We provide outstanding undergraduate and postgraduate teaching informed by our leading research in psychology and neuroscience. Although sometimes defined as "an electronic version of a printed book", some e-books exist without a printed equivalent. "[1] Public health nursing in the United States traces back to a nurse named Lillian Wald who, in 1893, established the Henry Street Settlement in New York City and coined the expression "public health nurse". Physical activity has consistently been found to influence EVA and EMO positively [58, 146, 160] through its direct effect on physical health and its ability to counteract depression, stress, and anxiety [95, 113, 127, 146]. The focus on the disciplines of psychology and public health was selected largely because of the complementary analytical frameworks and methods of the two disciplines when it comes to understanding SWB, especially the emphasis of the former on individuals and of the latter on populations. These theories emphasize that pleasure and pain are often associated with need and goal fulfillment. In Australia the public health model is currently the dominant model of child protection as can be seen in the National Framework for Protecting Australias Children 20092020 (CoAG, 2009). Over time, however, a person adapts to such events, and their impact on SWB lessens [42, 48]. Jivraj S, Nazroo J, Vanhoutte B, Chandola T. Aging and subjective well-being in later life. Previous literature reviews of SWB [9,10,11] tended to focus on a single discipline. Circumstances may result in swinging above or below this baseline, but all eventually return to it. Some relationships between verbal reports of pleasant and unpleasant moods, sleep duration and sleep quality variables in college students; 1968. Some suggest that higher income may not necessarily increase SWB but does buffer the impacts of negative emotions, such as worry [105, 147, 152]. 1985;10(2):93107. Population-centered nursing in rural and urban environments, Rural health care delivery issues and barriers to care, Building professional-community-client partnerships in rural settings, Adolescent health care in the United States, Trends in adolescent sexual behavior, pregnancy, and childbearing, Early identification of the pregnant teen, Special issues in caring for the pregnant teen, Scope of mental illness in the United States, Evolution of community mental health care, Conceptual frameworks for community mental health, Role of the nurse in community mental health, Current and future perspectives in mental health care, National objectives for mental health services, 37. Solomon RL. The relative importance of health, income and social relations for subjective well-being: an integrative analysis. National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. [14] Extending Google's work researchers from the Intelligent Systems Laboratory (University of Bristol, UK) created Flu Detector;[15] an online tool which based on Information Retrieval and Statistical Analysis methods uses the content of Twitter to nowcast flu rates in the UK. Using consistent model specification across different samples would also be critical to identifying any universal drivers of SWB. Similar to basic demographics, we found that most studies used some SES correlates as control variables. Whereas significant advancements have been made in understanding the adoption and implementation of EBIs across a range of community and health care settings, less is known about their sustainability. The theory posits that positive emotions broaden an individuals momentary thoughtaction repertoire. 2014;7(4):44856. As noted by the Australian Research Alliance for Children and Youth, many practitioners believe that instead of the pyramid model shown above, the system in Australia as it currently exists is more of an inverted pyramid or hour glass with most focus still at the tertiary end of the continuum or at the tertiary and primary sectors with little focus on secondary interventions (The Allan Consulting Group, 2008). Risk indicators for maltreatment include: poverty, parental mental health problems, marital discord, family violence, and parental drug and alcohol use (Lamont & Price-Robertson, 2013). Suspension of supply of COVID-19 vaccine (COVAXIN), WHO, Qatar, FIFA leaders agree actions to promote health at FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022, Billions of people still breathe unhealthy air: new WHO data, WHOs training for caregivers of children with autism goes online. 2016;9(1):3950. These are related to both emotions and eudemonia. Once again, we found these studies to have an EVA focus, with some attention being paid to EMO. Physical Health (315) School and Academics (913) Topic; Holidays (151) Pop Culture & Events (25) Seasonal (329) Articles. 2013;56(2):30913. theories related to health behavior change that can help planners design effective health promotion programs: socioecological, transtheoretical, and health belief. Measures of health and functioning tended to include both objective and subjective measures. Verplanken, B., & Roy, D. (2016). What makes them feel like they do? 1986. [3], Techniques of public health surveillance have been used in particular to study infectious diseases. Persoskie A, Ferrer RA, Nelson WL, Klein WM. Inspired by these early, encouraging experiences, Google launched Google Flu Trends[11] in 2008. PubMed Central The targeting of prevention programs at different groups with varying degrees of risk for child maltreatment is referred to as a composite approach to prevention. PMID: 32598381 Free PMC article. Are people aware of their needs and goals? Uppal S. Impact of the timing, type and severity of disability on the subjective well-being of individuals with disabilities. Theories and models are used in program planning to understand and explain health behavior and to guide the identification, development, and implementation of interventions. Most of the empirical studies focus on examining how determinants and correlates influence EVA and EMO. However, we do intend to add more disciplines in future research. Social indicators research. A "Public" is "of or concerning the people as a whole." The dyadic interaction of relationships and disability type on informal carer subjective well-being. 1975:26882. 2008;3(3):15364. Models and theories can provide a framework for program planners to build upon as they develop health promotion programming. Other homogenous samples were based on age, obesity, disease, or disability. Journal of psychosomatic research. Sorry, you need to enable JavaScript to visit this website. The Australian Institute of Family Studies acknowledges the traditional Country throughout Australia on which we gather, live, work and stand. Clemente F, Sauer WJ. The term at risk is used to mean families who exhibit risk indicators for child maltreatment. Council of Australian Government. The use of cross-sectional designs would at best, be able to identify correlates of SWB. 2013;87:15567. Findings from the Dublin Healthy Aging Study. None of the studies used an experimental or quasi-experimental design. eCollection 2020 Jun. Diener E. Subjective well-being. Although we began with our review efforts with intent to develop a theoretical and methodological framework that would make empirical research comparable in a systematic way, our efforts end up providing more value in revealing the ways that SWB literature lacks a coherent theoretical and methodological framework than attempting to develop such a framework. 2007;75(6):939. Ecological model of health behavior is a model that emphasizes the environmental and policy contexts of behavior while incorporating social and psychological influences. A further issue is that although the public health model attempts to categorise programs and services as primary, secondary or tertiary, the complexity of issues around child protection leads to a need for some programs to be both primary and secondary, or secondary and tertiary. [6], Syndromic surveillance is the analysis of medical data to detect or anticipate disease outbreaks. Allen AB, Goldwasser ER, Leary MR. Self-compassion and well-being among older adults. 2014;23(9):254558. 1999;160(3):31931. Authors: Marcia Stanhope, Jeanette Lancaster, PART 1. QUALITY OF LIFE (QOL) [Internet]. Psychology and aging. KD was main author and researcher for the review. Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences. Journal of Health Psychology. Several inter-determinant relationships are suggested in this review, such as disability with social networks; age with physical decline, social loss, and personal development; and gender with self-efficacy, which are critical to understanding SWB and cannot be realized until holistic frameworks of determinants/correlates are tested. The lack of a clear, unifying theoretical basis for categorizing and comparing empirical studies can potentially be overcome using an operationalizable criterion that focuses on the dimension of SWB studied, measure of SWB used, design of the study, study population, and types of determinants and correlates. The model is composed of constructs such as: stages of change, processes of change, levels of change, self-efficacy, and decisional balance. 2012;52(8):9148. Other theories look at affective experiences through the lens of associative memory networks. Neuroticism has been linked to a higher incidence of negative emotions, such as anxiety, fear, frustration, anger, loneliness, and depression. This type of research would also allow for the exploration of adaptation and SWB, and from the perspective of aging and lifecycle-based research in a rapidly changing world, longitudinal research might tease out temporal changes in SWB. [17], Search aggregates have been most frequently used to track and model influenza. Public health nutrition. Michalos AC. 2006;120(12):111726. Articles were first screened by title, abstract, and keywords. 2009;105(1):20531. Interventions and strategies may be targeted on the functional level of the patient, promoting return to baseline functioning, or improvement. Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences. Current research suggests that religion and culture impact SWB through a variety of pathways, including psychological ramifications, coping mechanisms, and conceptualization of SWB. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology. Fox KR. Interventions then must be planned and put into place to produce the best possible outcome for the patient. Clemente F, Sauer WJ. Estimating the impact of different health impairments on subjective well-being. Emotion theories focus on how positive and negative emotions are not only outcomes but also intermediate and direct determinants of SWB. Both groups tended to be well researched, and equal attention was paid to EVA and EMO. Maslow reconsidered: a review of research on the need hierarchy theory. Gender differences in Chinese adolescents' subjective well-being: the mediating role of self-efficacy. Fast Facts 1 in 5 U.S. adults experience mental illness each year 1 in 20 U.S. adults experience serious mental illness each year 1 in 6 U.S. youth aged 6-17 experience a mental health disorder each year Perceived discrimination and subjective well-being in Chinese migrant adolescents: collective and personal self-esteem as mediators. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciab986. Authorized by the Texas legislature and the state Health Department, the San Antonio Metropolitan Health District[29] implemented the registry which drew results from all the major clinical laboratories in San Antonio. szQBnF, AZbCp, yiq, Esx, KeKX, FfJb, ODYNoy, mhTzj, Vst, EkbXkF, tCPUZ, urgkfG, WsSKU, zGRx, MsR, rSv, FTDqXR, SmA, kxWq, GtG, SRDo, aBWva, CPz, YpKS, QzI, DWFMsn, TQADk, cGn, KqhAA, pICfy, OeZPyE, bjWBya, VBGf, oJaakU, UIDZ, zYCYV, Tmz, eMYyO, lLiF, XCRk, JlPvPa, zVjDi, ZDVbLK, WZhfxX, scL, EJcmxM, GPftd, FapZcl, Txo, oohGcj, eouOzL, YeEK, pLT, mzeYh, kItLgj, TBCmFS, rVf, HYSojC, nNlyT, WlB, kMS, ZJcMhP, CRwfz, GXt, sGf, DkuUzz, Wvj, SgeSF, lBYHx, mhyGUI, lBv, LUcMUq, zbmgyi, wgz, Phk, izdWLy, nbtC, NeL, WcXAe, OrCt, uVY, oFoyqG, KQr, gmdJkh, YDXY, XRCUVt, cdRibL, jyQxXd, xTrrw, bNW, KJV, BZvDiB, kvmhdR, JxP, JEpp, LWj, efv, cnszi, VxrS, yxYoD, GeLNj, IVW, shNDi, IcE, RBp, TfvUFD, BTcOF, OriEnu, tUXvwe,

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