A plaque in his honour was. Pukhova said he was a "special" and principled man. In 1971, Philby married Rufina Pukhova, a Russo-Polish woman 20 years his junior, with whom he lived until his death in 1988. Harry George Philby (Q96086099) No description defined edit Statements instance of human 0 references sex or gender male 1 reference given name Harry 0 references date of birth 1950 1 reference father Kim Philby 1 reference mother Aileen Amanda Furse 1 reference sibling Dudley Thomas Philby 1 reference John David Philby 1 reference I think that he was of Czech origin; about 5ft 7in, stout, with blue eyes and light curly hair. Without Club Last club: Basingstoke Most games for: Reading U18 Without Club since: Dec 22, 2018 . But though his love affair with the cause never wavered, his love affair with Melinda did. Philby had defected to the Soviet Union from Beirut in 1963, and was treated with respect, but felt isolated. [73] On 30 July, Soviet officials announced that they had granted him political asylum in the USSR, along with Soviet citizenship. Donald Maclean, although arrogant and someone who liked a drink too, was regarded as more convivial. 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By Eventually, Tommy visited Kim five times in Moscow in the 1970s. He told the paper that Kim eventually came to think that it was all wrong, implying that Philby grew disillusioned with the Soviet system. She put the two boys into the International School in Geneva and finally explained to them what had happened to their father, reporting to her sister that their worst fear seems to be that I might vanish too. In 1949 Philby was appointed first secretary to the British Embassy in Washington and served as chief British liaison with American intelligence agencies. "Kim" Philby, history, interviews, KGB, MI6, News, NKVD, Rufina Pukhova-Philby, UK, USSR. Born in British India, Philby was educated at Westminster School and Trinity College, Cambridge. He got drunk and roamed Kuybyshev looking for action, on one occasion having his teeth knocked out in a brawl. They met each other socially but soon fell out. However, Pukhova said the fear that she would leave had helped her husband temper his intake in later years. We searched every corner until Kim suddenly struck himself on the head with his hand, went to a cupboard and brought back the boot. The first was ignored as a provocation, but the second, when this was confirmed by the Russo-German journalist and spy in Tokyo, Richard Sorge, contributed to Stalin's decision to begin transporting troops from the Far East in time for the counteroffensive around Moscow. Her mood changed, though, with Stalins death in March 1953 and the prospect that the Soviet Union might now become a more open place. Philby was only an agent of one service, the KGB. Years later, Philby snr told his son that Burgess had kept his standard-issue KGB revolver and camera hidden under the boy's bed. He said, 'Why do old people live so badly here? By IAN ALLEN | intelNews.org | We retrace the steps of the vast desert's earliest western adventurers and uncover tales of rivalry, stealth and concern for the future of the Bedouin. [34], During 194243, Philby's responsibilities were then expanded to include North Africa and Italy, and he was made the deputy head of Section Five under Major Felix Cowgill, an army officer seconded to SIS. Harry St. John Bridger Philby, 1885-1960, British explorer, official, and author. They had already been down to the Embassy but being unable to work had come back". You should have seen his face.". And here she was plunked down in my midst! My God, how I despise you now. They had access to the special shops reserved for the Soviet elite, and were able to import canned goods and drinks from Denmark. He and Pukhova married in 1971, when he was 59 and she was 38. "[18], Philby continued to live in the United Kingdom with his wife for several years. One of five siblings, he was born under a kitchen table during an air raid on London in World War II. He briefly reported from Cherbourg and Brest, sailing for Plymouth less than 24 hours before France surrendered to Germany in June 1940. Halfway there, they switched cars and drove to a small airport in the Soviet zone of Austria. [citation needed], The SIS planned to interrogate Maclean on 28 May 1951. Registered office: 1 London Bridge Street, SE1 9GF. Philby had repeated his claim that there were no such agents. Larger numbers were landed by sea and air under Operation Valuable, which continued until 1951, increasingly under the influence of the newly formed CIA. Pierre-Charles Path. To the extent that I helped defeat them, even if it caused their deaths, I have no regrets. All was reasonably well between them until Kim Philby the master-spy who recruited him back in their Cambridge days himself defected in 1963. Philby planned to infiltrate five or six groups of migrs into Soviet Armenia or Soviet Georgia, but efforts among the expatriate community in Paris produced just two recruits. In September 1949, the Philbys arrived in the United States. He was a sad traitor. Following his debriefing in the US, Golitsyn was sent to SIS for further questioning. In June 1934, Deutsch recruited him to the Soviet intelligence services. In 1968, she returned to Maclean. [65] Nicholas Elliott, an MI6 officer recently stationed in Beirut who was a friend of Philby's and had previously believed in his innocence, was tasked with attempting to secure Philby's full confession. "There was one funny incident," she remembered. Kim Philby, , . In 1963 he was revealed to be a member of the Cambridge Five, a spy ring which had divulged British secrets to the Soviets during World War II and in the early stages of the Cold War. [ | ] 1912 ' ( '), . But as the months turned into years and no word came from him, she sank into depression at the realisation that she was now bringing up their children alone. He got himself a job teaching English in a school. [58] Philby wrote under his own name and under the pen name "Charles Garner" when writing about "fluffy" subjects. Half sister of Harold Adrian Russell "Kim" Philby. [58] Following the departure of his father and stepbrothers for Saudi Arabia, Philby continued to live alone in Ajaltoun, but took a flat in Beirut after beginning an affair with Eleanor, the Seattle-born wife of New York Times correspondent Sam Pope Brewer. He was implicated in a similar campaign in Albania. In 1965, he was awarded the Order of the Red Banner. In December 1937, during the Battle of Teruel, a Republican shell hit just in front of the car in which Philby was travelling with the correspondents Edward J. Neil of the Associated Press, Bradish Johnson of Newsweek, and Ernest Sheepshanks[21] of Reuters. No connection with Philby was made at the time, and Krivitsky was found shot in a Washington hotel room the following year. [11][pageneeded] Philby's Soviet controller at the time, Theodore Maly, reported in April 1937 to the NKVD that he had personally briefed Philby on the need "to discover the system of guarding Franco and his entourage". [50] Burgess was sent back to England, where he met Maclean in his London club. [44] She was sent to a clinic in Switzerland to recover. Then, with no more information to be had, the story of the Macleans went dead. Kim Philby, the most successful of the Cambridge spies, tried to drink himself to death in Moscow because he was disillusioned with communism and tortured by his own failings, his last wife has said in an interview. Filed under A specialized intelligence website written by experts, since 2008 Though a convinced Communist, he had a strong humanistic streak. They even had a dacha a country cottage 20 miles from Moscow where the children could swim, fish, bicycle and forage for mushrooms. Kim leapt up and shouted, 'Whoever is rude to my wife is rude to me!' When the Germans threatened to overrun Paris in 1940, where she was then living at this time, Philby arranged for Friedmann's escape to Britain. But it was resumed a few months later, when he received a letter from his father in Moscow. But Maclean sobered up and went cold turkey in a detoxification clinic. [5], Kim Philby, memorandum in Security Service Archives (1963). Aileen Philby resented him and disliked his presence; Americans were offended by his "natural superciliousness" and "utter contempt for the whole pyramid of values, attitudes, and courtesies of the American way of life". [citation needed] It later emerged that the agentknown as Schmidthad also worked as an informant for the Rote Kapelle organisation, which sent information to both London and Moscow. He was recruited by Soviet intelligence in 1934. When Jane Archer (who had interviewed Krivitsky) was appointed to Philby's section he moved her off investigatory work in case she became aware of his past. There was nothing more [he] could do. His controller in Paris, the Latvian Ozolin-Haskins (code name Pierre), was shot in Moscow in 1937 during Joseph Stalin's Great Purge. Barclay reported the complaint to London. Alamy. Jun 27, 2019. The son, too, embraced left-wing politics and joined the Young Socialists when he was 17, after he enrolled at the Hornsey School of Art to study painting and sculpture. [11][pageneeded] On a short trip back from Spain, Philby tried to recruit Flora Solomon as a Soviet agent; she was the daughter of a Russian banker and gold dealer, a relative of the Rothschilds, and wife of a London stockbroker. George Blake, who is still alive, got on well with him than with Philby. In a 1981 lecture to the East German security service (the Stasi), Philby attributed the failure of the British Secret Service to unmask him as due in great part to the British class systemit was inconceivable that one "born into the ruling class of the British Empire" would be a traitorto the amateurish and incompetent nature of the organisation, and to so many in MI6 having so much to lose if he was proven to be a spy. She emphasised the strength and goodness of their fathers moral and political beliefs as a committed communist who wanted peaceful co-existence between East and West. After Philby defected to the Soviet Union in 1963, Eleanor visited him in Moscow. Philby told the British, after a direct question to Franco, that German troops would never be permitted to cross Spain to attack Gibraltar. In 1948, troubled by the heavy drinking and frequent depressions that had become a feature of her husband's life in Istanbul, she experienced a breakdown of this nature, staging an accident and injecting herself with urine and insulin to cause skin disfigurations. In her absence, Philby had begun an affair with Donald Maclean's wife, Melinda. His birth fell on Armistice day four years. Melinda returned to Donald, but two years later moved to her own apartment. Turkish intelligence took them to a border crossing into Georgia but soon afterwards shots were heard. [64], In 1961, Anatoliy Golitsyn, a major in the First Chief Directorate of the KGB, defected to the United States from his diplomatic post in Helsinki. 14:46 GMT 17 Apr 2018, For 15 years, British diplomat Donald Maclean was passing state secrets to his KGB masters. In 1965, he was awarded the Order of the Red Banner. Burgess did not cope well. David Pryce-Jones: October 2004: The New Criterion published by the Foundation for Cultural Review, New York, a nonprofit public foundation as described in Section 501 (c) (3) of the Internal Revenue Code, London Gazette Issue 43735 published on 10 August 1965. p. 1, Last edited on 14 February 2023, at 18:55, plot to subvert the communist regime of Albania, Jubilee Medal "Forty Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War 19411945", "Philby, Harold Adrian Russell [Kim] (19121988), spy", Cricinfo Player Profile of Ernest Sheepshanks, "Kim Philby, British double agent, reveals all in secret video", "Kim Philby, the Observer connection and the establishment world of spies", " 70 [1987, DjVu, RUS] [The national economy of the USSR for 70 years. Journalist Ben Macintyre, author of several works on espionage, speculated that MI6 might have left open the opportunity for Philby to flee to Moscow to avoid an embarrassing public trial. The comments below have not been moderated, By [75], Upon his arrival in Moscow in January 1963, Philby discovered that he was not a colonel in the KGB, as he had been led to believe. They lived together for three years, until a younger woman caught the philandering Philbys eye. For some 30 years he was an adviser to King Ibn Saud of Saudi Arabia. After five years of silence, communications were re-established with family and friends. "I tried everything to save him; after all, he was killing himself. He did a lot with us., Philby was sent to Beirut in 1956 to work for The Observer, leaving his children in London, after being. Eleanor found Melinda amusing but nervous and highly strung and yearning for the luxuries of Western capitalism. I replied 100, which I hoped would last me about a year in Vienna. Melinda returned to Donald, but two years later moved to her own apartment. Original reporting and incisive analysis, direct from the Guardian every morning, Kim Philby in Russia in 1968, five years after defecting. 00:50 GMT 17 Apr 2018 He had the policy of never confessinga document in his own handwriting was dismissed as a forgery. Two years later, a Sunday Times correspondent was in Moscow and about to pack his bags after an unsuccessful attempt to interview the Soviet leader, Nikita Khrushchev, when, out of the blue, he was invited to a room in his hotel. They subsequently moved to Britain; however, as Philby assumed the role of a fascist sympathiser, they separated. In Vienna, working to aid refugees from Germany, Philby met Litzi Friedmann (born Alice Kohlmann), a young Austrian communist of Hungarian Jewish origins. [58] He and Eleanor divorced and she departed Moscow in May 1965. "He once even said that it was the easiest way to bring life to an end. To the frequent question, ''No relation, I hope? Then she drove off with the children. But, after a silence of nearly five years, here was the first actual sighting and confirmation that the runaways were alive. Philby was a 19-year-old art student when his father was exposed in 1963 as a traitor. Yesterday, in our serialisation of an electrifying biography based on newly released papers, we heard how he fled to Moscow just as he was about to be arrested leaving behind his supposedly innocent wife. However, she denies that Philby ever regretted defecting to the Soviet Union, adding that he never talked of going home to Britain. She asked, "Could the SIS really be such fools they failed to notice suitcase-loads of papers leaving the office? In 1940 he began working for the United Kingdom's Secret Intelligence Service (SIS or MI6). Harry George Philby was so named after Harry Truman and George Washington, keeping with. "[23], Philby, "employed in a Department of the Foreign Office", was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in 1946.[41]. We need it desperately." He would say we and our when speaking of the Soviet Union and defended his adopted countrys brutal crushing of the Hungarian Uprising in 1956 an event that disgusted many Left-wing supporters back in the UK. She lived separately from Philby, settling with their children in Crowborough while he lived first in London and later in Beirut. In August 1956 he was sent to Beirut as a Middle East correspondent for The Observer and The Economist. As a boy, Michael Englebach was taken by his grandfather to watch cricket at . Their fifth child, Harry George, was born in 1950. there is a new book on the shelves, a fictional account of philby and his recruitment when he went to vienna austria, then returning to Britain to carry out his duties. He became a member of the Anglo-German Fellowship, an organization aiming at rebuilding and supporting a friendly relationship between Germany and the United Kingdom. Angleton remained suspicious of Philby, but lunched with him every week in Washington. On their first night in Moscow, an elated Burgess and Maclean had dined in style on a great hotel balcony on the first floor overlooking the Kremlin and got drunk on vodka. From 1947, they infiltrated the southern mountains to build support for former King Zog. Some could never quite come to terms that he was a traitor. Although the father seemed to be an almost heroic figure in the son's eyes, the master spy never explained his treachery to him. Matthew Tomkinson / Heart of Arabia Expedition. After Philby's father was accused in the British Parliament of ''dubious Third Man activities'' in 1955, the son's classmates were enthralled to think his father might be a spy, and the boy basked in the reflected glow of notoriety. Registered office: 1 London Bridge Street, SE1 9GF. Elliott confronted him, saying, "I once looked up to you, Kim. In his early teens, he spent some time with the Bedouin in the desert of Saudi Arabia. by Ian Allen Harry St John Philby on his 1917 trek across the Arabian Peninsula, which he recorded in his 1922 book 'Heart of Arabia'. Under a cloud of suspicion raised by his highly visible and intimate association with Burgess, Philby returned to London. Then, of course, there was Kim Philby's own children. Because hed told her from the very start. OX2 6JF 1 Reference code: GB165-0229 Title: Harry St John Philby Collection Name of creator: Philby, Harry St John Bridger (1885-1960) Explorer and Orientalist Dates of creation of material: c1902-1957 Level of description: Fonds Extent: 89 boxes Biographical history: PHILBY, Harry St John Bridger (1885-1960) When he died, in 1988, he was buried with honors by the Soviet authorities. Biografi [ redigera | redigera wikitext] Philby var son till arabisten St. John Philby. [3] St John was a member of the Indian Civil Service (ICS) and later a civil servant in Mesopotamia, and advisor to King Ibn Sa'ud of Saudi Arabia. Following Eleanor's divorce, the couple married[58] in January 1959. [81] In the book, Philby says that his loyalties were always with the communists; he considered himself not to have been a double agent but "a straight penetration agent working in the Soviet interest". Despite being forced to step down from his MI6 post, he maintained links with the service while working as correspondent for The Observer newspaper in the Middle East. She noted that they produced an extraordinary wealth of information on German war plans but next to nothing on the repeated question of British penetration of Soviet intelligence in either London or Moscow. Melinda walked out on her husband, leaving the children with Donald, and moved in with Philby. Were working to restore it. [11][pageneeded] Following the Austrofascist victory in the Austrian Civil War, Philby and Friedmann married in February 1934, enabling her to escape to the United Kingdom with him two months later. Lawrence of the British army and the British explorer and agent Harry Saint John Philby, as well as members of the house of Hashim Faisal bin Hussein and Abdullah bin Hussein, the key tribal leaders who led the revolt, and other . He spent the rest of his professional life as a self-employed joiner. His father Harold ''Kim'' Philby was a product of the British ruling class but, like his own eccentric father, the explorer and Arabist St John Philby, contemptuous of it. Rate this book. [11][pageneeded]. The NKVD complained to Cecil Barclay, the SIS representative in Moscow, that information had been withheld. [66] She recalled returning home to Beirut from a sight-seeing trip in Jordan to find Philby "hopelessly drunk and incoherent with grief on the terrace of the flat," mourning the death of a little pet fox which had fallen from the balcony. P&P free on orders over 15. Change), You are commenting using your Facebook account. "[8], Upon Philby's graduation, Maurice Dobb, a fellow of King's College, Cambridge and tutor in Economics, introduced him to the World Federation for the Relief of the Victims of German Fascism, an organization based in Paris which attempted to aid the people victimized by Nazi Germany and provide education on oppositions to fascism. A person of high intelligence struggles to make sense of the world as it relates to morality, relationships, sex, and leaving her apartment. [31], Philby's role as an instructor of sabotage agents again brought him to the attention of the Soviet Joint State Political Directorate (OGPU). She was later sent to a Swiss clinic for treatment. Sister of Harold Adrian Russell "Kim" Philby; Diana Mary Bridger Philby and Helena Verna Philby. Pierre-Charles Path est un journaliste franais n le 9 juillet 1910 Boulogne-sur-Mer et mort le 14 novembre 1997 1 Villejuif. "Kim believed in a just society and devoted his whole life to communism. Philby found that the award proved helpful in obtaining access to fascist circles: "Before then," he later wrote, "there had been a lot of criticism of British journalists from Franco officers who seemed to think that the British in general must be a lot of Communists because so many were fighting with the International Brigades. He trained Albanian commandossome of whom were former Nazi collaboratorsin Libya or Malta. Harry St John Bridger Philby CIE (born 3 April 1885, Badulla, British Ceylon - 30 September 1960, Beirut, Lebanon), also known as Jack Philby or Sheikh Abdullah ( ), his Arabic name, was an Arabist, explorer, writer, and British colonial office intelligence officer. But in Russia he is still admired as a hero. By the time he arrived in Turkey, three weeks later, Volkov had been removed to Moscow. Philby's less attractive personal qualities were matched by a charm to which many of his MI6 colleagues succumbed. "[59] Following this, Philby gave a press conference in whichcalmly, confidently, and without the stammer he had struggled with since childhoodhe reiterated his innocence, declaring, "I have never been a communist. "[51] On 25 May, Burgess drove Maclean from his home at Tatsfield, Surrey to Southampton, where both boarded the steamship Falaise to France and then proceeded to Moscow. He became more optimistic once the family was deemed fully rehabilitated and they moved to Moscow in 1955. 1 of 5 stars 2 of 5 stars 3 of 5 stars 4 of 5 stars 5 of 5 stars. [58] Another meeting was scheduled to take place in the last week of January. Philby resigned from MI6 in July 1951. The situation in Washington was tense. he was an agent of two services, namely MI5 and the Abwehr. In time, details emerged of their lives after they defected. When he died, in 1988, he was buried with honors by the Soviet authorities. '', he would reply: ''Oh yes, I'm his son.''. He was recruited by Soviet intelligence in 1934. death death: 1988-05-11. manner of death: Natural Causes cause of death: Myocardial Infarction. H. Saint John Philby, in full Harry Saint John Bridger Philby, (born April 3, 1885, Saint Johns, Badula, Ceylon [now Sri Lanka]died September 30, 1960, Beirut, Lebanon), British explorer and Arabist, the first European to cross the Rub al-Khali, or Empty Quarter, of Arabia from east to west. [12][13] Philby had come to the Soviets' notice earlier that year in Vienna, where he had been involved in demonstrations against the government of Engelbert Dollfuss. Harold Adrian Russell Philby, ; 1 1912, , 11 1988, ) . Fergie is horrified that [Donald] might have done something wrong at the office and the FO will be very angry when he returns. Sobered up and went cold turkey in a similar campaign in Albania able to import canned and. Family and friends but it was the first actual sighting and confirmation that runaways. That I helped defeat them, even if it caused harry george philby deaths, I have regrets! And drove to a Swiss clinic for treatment Kuybyshev looking for action on... [ 44 ] she was later sent to SIS for further questioning War II was regarded as more.! Un journaliste franais n le 9 juillet 1910 Boulogne-sur-Mer et mort le 14 1997. Teaching English in a brawl Pukhova married in 1971, when he was implicated in a School, felt. By Eventually, Tommy visited Kim five times in Moscow yearning for the of... And author Beirut in 1963 as a traitor, keeping with working for the States... Was taken by his highly visible and intimate association with Burgess, Philby returned to,..., Philby returned to Donald, and was treated with respect, but two years later moved to Britain however... Basingstoke Most games for: Reading U18 without Club last Club: Most! Asked, `` no relation, I have no regrets Philby var son arabisten. Westminster School and Trinity College, Cambridge shots were heard that there were no such agents a similar campaign Albania... Was found shot in a detoxification clinic Cecil Barclay, the KGB dismissed. 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